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1. Explain what a restriction enzyme does

2. Why is a ligase like a zipper??

3. How would you describe the appearance of bacterial DNA?

4. Where would you expect to find a plasmid?

5. What is used to open up the plasmid?

6. Why is bacteria used to make insulin rather than

1. Pigs

2. Humans

3. Plants

7. Why is insullin used in the body?

8. WHat is its function and

9. where does it act??

10. People with diabeties often suffer from extreme thurst and urinate a lot. Why do you think this happens??

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Student contributions

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Eg. Bacteria is modified to produce insulin.

1. Extract the gene for insulin from human cells.
This is done using enzymes called restriction enzymes.
2. The restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at particular points

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Insulin
Needed regularly by people with type1 diabetes is now produced by bacteria .The human insulin gene was inserted into the bacteria

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Insulin

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Bt toxin : is specific and only harms herbivore that eat the plant

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some insects are evolving and adapting to become resistant to the Bt toxin.

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J done by IGBIO

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may harm insects other than the ones who eat the crop and cause the damage.

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although there is no proof that it causes wny damage to people.

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some people think it may harm their health to eat GM food because the crops contain a toxin that kills insects

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why- it regulates the blood sugar in blood of people of type 1 diabetes people.
What- The genes in the bacterial DNA not only manufacture proteins but also the hormone insulin.
Where - Using a vat, similar to a fermenter

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eating genetically engineered crops are believed possible to be harmful

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Golden rice

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What: Normal rice has been genetically modified to produce much more vitamin A which is called Golden Rice as it is yellow.
Why:There are children in some parts of the world where their diet mainly consists of white rice which lack Vitamin A.
Where: Some parts of the world(undeveloped countries)eg- Asia and Africa
Who: In children

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Concerns of genetic engineering
Wasting research on genetically modified food with more vitamin rather then solving the main problem people not having enough money to buy food (poverty).
Concerns that herbicide resistance gene might spread from crop plants into other plants proving super weeds that can't be killed by herbicides.
Genetically modified foods contain toxin that kills insects and can also harm the person eating it.
Genetically engineered crops could cause health problems. For instance, genes from an allergenic plant could transfer this unwanted trait to the target plant.
Ethical issues can restrict the use of genetic engineering.
Pests can evolve to become immune to the toxins.

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WHY- So crops are not harmed for farming, so when crops are sprayed with herbicides, only weeds are killed.
WHAT- Crops have been genetically modified to avoid damage from herbicides and insects.
WHERE- Most effective where there are lots of insects, mainly on farmland.
WHO- Farmers can spray a field of these plants with the herbicides, and onlythe  weeds are killed.
Insect pests, such as the cotton boll weevil, are killed if they eat the cotton plants.
It is not time consuming for farmers as you don't have to avoid the each individual corn crop, for example, you can get an aeroplane and spray the whole field within minutes. This is due to the plants being modified to resist the damage of herbicides.
It is also a disadvantage to labours as they can become unemployed.

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Text page 286/287I
WHY
WHAT
WHERE
WHO

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Why is it quite effective at preserving milk

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Milk Movements in the factory  Homogenisation and Pasteurisation

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What does Lactase convert lactose to??

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Its when dey lactose chemicals

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Write down 5 key  important things the student wouldd need to know to understand what is being done

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Write down 5 key  important things the student wouldd need to know to understand what is being done

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Imagine you must quickly explain the key parts of the experiment to another year 11 student 

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Imagine you must quickly explain the key parts of the experiment to another year 11 student 

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Investigate the use of lactase to make lactose free mil

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Investigate the use of lactase to make lactose free mil

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Read the activity 21.3 pg 285

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Describe what is shown in the diagram on pg 286.

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Describe what is shown in the diagram on pg 286.

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Coplete question 21.8 pg 286
What things does Penicillium need to be able to produce the antibiotic .?
Why does peniciliium produce the antibiotic??

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Quickly read through the section 21.4 pg 284

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Quickly read through the section 21.4 pg 284

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Make a simple copy of the diagram on pg 284

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Learning outcome.  Describe the role of the Penicillium fungus in making the antibiotic Penicillin

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Learning outcome.  Describe the role of the Penicillium fungus in making the antibiotic Penicillin