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Hello!! :)

Firstly girls, well done and thank you for doing this. This really is the best way to learn.  I know I have reduced class time this semester so we can do more practice but I do feel that you are learning more by doing this.  I also feel that by getting to see your work myself helps me understand where you are going right but also where you can improve... before you submit an assignment so you can get a better mark.

I have made edits to each of the annotations, some have more edits than others.  This is not an indication of whose is better or worse.  I simply decided not to make the same comments repeatedly.#So what I strongly urge you to do is read through EACH annotation. Trust me you will learn so much. You see what was good and por about each others work and therefore you will what to do and what not to do in your own work.. PLUS, you will see the changes I made and the thoughts I had about each of the annotations.  If I can mark each one then it won't take half as ling to read them right?! :)

The comments I made on the different annotations apply to you all.  I have also have added a few comments here too.

There is a lack of evaluation in many of these.  That is OK and this is why we are practising before you submit. I can teach you about this all day long but the way you will actually learn is by doing it, making mistakes but also hearing about what you did well.  Soooo.... much more evaluation :) Evaluation can be both positive and negative.

Do the author's provide a rationale for their study?  By that I mean do they make a clear argument as to why their study is needed and worthy?  Is the topic at hand particularly important (homelessness, abuse etc.), is there a gap in the literature that the article is addressing, are the authors examining the topic using a different methodology which they argue is the better way to study the topic, are they conducting the research with a slightly different population (e.g. different age group), is this the first examination of the topic in Ireland or outside the US?

Is the introduction clear and well written?  If so you could say.... In this clearly defined introduction the authors reviews a large amount of up to date and relevant research which demonstrates that there are significant benefits of bilingualism on executive functioning skills. Can you see how this is evaluating the intro?  I have highlighted the evaluative words.

Try not to blur the lines between the introduction and the design section. Many of you had overlap here where you went into too much detail about the design and method of the studies.

Follow this link- it discusses different types of writing, descriptive, critical/evaluative.  PLEASE look at it.
http://www2.eit.ac.nz/library/ls_guides_descriptivewriting.html

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bilingual
effects on deployment of attention system in linguistically and culturally
homogeneous children and adults 

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bilingual
effects on deployment of attention system in linguistically and culturally
homogeneous children and adults 

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Introduction: The main purpose of this study is to investigate how bilingual children and adults differ from monolingual peers’ in deployment of the attention system and to determine whether positive effects of bilingualism appear in adulthood as well as childhood. The researchers examined bilingual’s attention skills and efficiency in a cross-sectional design that compared two age groups. Bilinguals, unlike monolingual peers, must constantly alternate between two languages and monitor input and output so that two languages will not be confused. The authors in the introduction note relevant literature which provides a backdrop for their own research question.  For instance, they highlight the literature that supports cognitive advantages to bilingualism highlights that bilinguals regular use of two languages is a key contributor to cognitive benefits in executive functions such as attention skills. Although there is much evidence to support the potentially superior use of attention control in bilinguals there are not many studies carried out on this particular benefit- this sentence seems a little contradictory in that it says there is evidence of the effect but there aren't many studies on it. A benefit of this study is that it  aims to close that gap.

This is very well written! You have managed to give a good sense of the article itself.  A little more evaluation would improve it though.  What is good about the author's introduction?

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Topic:  The affects of homelesness on children 

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Topic:  The affects of homelesness on children 

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pervious artical two down:

feedback
-easy to read
-research question was hard to understand

This article is call ‘Good for kids’: Children who have been homeless talk about school. It was written by Tim Moore Morag McArthur who are at the institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University
This article reports on a study with children who had experienced homelessness with their families and discusses their thoughts on homelessness and school. It highlights some of their difficulties and worries, but optimistically identifies some opportunities for support.
A qualitative approach was taken to gain a deep knowledge of how children understand and experience homelessness.
The main research question was, What the service systems need to know about how children experience homelessness.
This research aimed to gain a unique understanding of what services, specifically schools, need to know about how children experience homelessness.  The authors successfully argues that this was an under researched topic despite the potential negative effects these children experience.  Can you see how this is slightly more evaluative? I haven't read the article so don't know if the research was unique or not but you can see what I am trying to do.
The  services included supported housing services, statutory care and protection, schools and other services that have contact with children and their families. This article is focused on schools.

Amy Lee
Thanks Amy, great to see you made some edits.
More evaluation is  needed.  Did the authors provide a detailed account of the issues of homelessness? Or was it a brief overview where more details would have been helpful to the reader?
You mention the research question which is great.  Does the research question seem appropriate based on the literature they have included?
Is the research question addressing a gap in the literature? If so then you can note that as a positive aspect of the introduction.

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Early Intervention
and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

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Early Intervention
and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

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The primary purpose of this qualitative study carried out in Omhana, Nebraska was to examine the relationship between age of enrolment in intervention and language outcomes at 5 years of age in a group of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. From the study carried out, vocabulary skills at 5 years of age were examined in a group of 112 children with hearing loss who were enrolled at various ages in a comprehensive intervention program. Verbal reasoning skills were explored in a subgroup of 80 of these children. Participants were evaluated using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and a criterion-referenced measure, the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument, administered individually by professionals skilled in assessing children with hearing loss. A rating scale was developed to characterize the level of family involvement in the intervention program for children in the study.
Consistent with the findings of Yoshinaga-Itano significantly better language scores were associated with early enrolment in intervention. High levels of family involvement correlated with positive language outcomes, and, conversely, limited family involvement was associated with significant child language delays at 5 years of age, especially when enrolment in intervention was late. The results suggest that success is achieved when early identification is paired with early interventions that actively involve families.

You has described the study well but there is little evaluation.  Also. you have described the whole article but for this part all you need to do is evaluate the introduction. What was interesting about the information in the introduction? Did they provide a suitable rationale for their study etc..
- Suggestion was to change the numbers to written numbers.

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Topic;  The importance for children to be within an Early Years Setting

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Topic;  The importance for children to be within an Early Years Setting

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This article aims to examine how different forms of childcare used at the age of nine months play a role in the production of cognitive skills and the behavioural development of young children at age three, using data on working mothers in the Millennium Cohort Study.

The aim of this study was to examine how different forms of childcare used at the age of nine months play a role in the production of cognitive skills and the behavioural development of young children at age three, using data on working mothers in the Millennium Cohort Study.

This is a longitudinal survey of around 19,000 children born in the UK over a 12-month period from 2000 to 2001 and living in selected UK wards. The first survey (MCS1) took place when the children were around nine months old. he second survey (MCS2) took place when the children were around three years of age. This second sweep of data provides information on child cognitive and behavioural development examined.

It was important to conduct this survey as more women are working within the workplace than the past.

A survey was conducted originally to families of 18,552 bur 256 of them had multiple birth families, 50 were dropped as the mother was under the age of 16 years old and 54 were dropped as the mother did not conduct the survey used another main respondent.

The focus is the association between childcare and child outcomes and whether it is highly likely that mothers working when their children are nine months old are likely to be different from non- working mothers, as it may have an impact on child cognition and behaviour.

Notes;
-Overall, a really intersting topic and their aim was explained well.
- Background information was laid out really well; numbers of participants, how long the study lasted and where
- Change numbers into words
- First two paragraphs are really similar.
- Paragraph two; make it into two sentences as it is slightly too long
- Paragraph three; spelling error of the
- Quantatative or qualatative anaysis?
- Fourth paragraph; spelling error of but
- Paragraph five; maybe a little too much information on the numbers of participants. This could be used in the method part.

The aim of this study was to examine how different forms of childcare used at the age of nine months play a role in the production of cognitive skills and the behavioural development of young children at age three. This study used data on working mothers in the Millennium Cohort Study.

This is a longitudinal survey of around nineteen thousand children born in the UK over a twelve month period from 2000 to 2001 and living in selected UK wards. The first survey (MCS1) took place when the children were around nine months old.The second survey (MCS2) took place when the children were around three years of age. This second sweep of data provides information on child cognitive and behavioural development examined.

It was important to conduct this survey as more women are working within the workplace than the past. Good, you are evaluating. Is this point raised by the authors? If so, you could say.... the authors correctly outline that it was important to conduct this survey as more women are working within the workplace than the past.

A survey was conducted originally to families of eighteen thousand, five hundred and fifty two but two hundred and fifty six of them had multiple birth families, fifty were dropped as the mother was under the age of sixteen years old and fifty four were dropped as the mother did not conduct the survey used another main respondent. -this could be placed in the design review section.

The focus is the association between childcare and child outcomes and whether it is highly likely that mothers working when their children are nine months old are likely to be different from non- working mothers, as it may have an impact on child cognition and behaviour.

Great to see you taking the advice given on board and well done to the person who gave the advice.
This seems to be a large scale study and somewhat detailed and unique? Would that be fair? If so, you could add in those type of evaluative words.
There is not a lot of evaluation of the introduction in terms of the literature it reviewed. was it well written, is it a unique study, does it address a gap in the literature?

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Topic; If attending childcare settings makes a difference to children's overall development

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Topic; If attending childcare settings makes a difference to children's overall development

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The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project is a longitudinal study that lasted five years and was based in England. It followed the development of over 3,000 children from one hundred and forty-one pre-school settings.

The aim of this study was to show the difference between children’s development that attended ‘excellent’ settings in comparison to children that attended ‘good’ or ‘average’ settings.

A sample of 'home' children, who had very little or no group pre-school experience, were recruited to the study at entry to school for comparison to the three thousand children that did attend pre-school settings.

Children were recruited when they were three years old, as this is when children usually begin attending childcare settings. The settings used varied which included; local authority day nursery, integrated centers, playgroups, private day nurseries, maintained nursery schools and maintained nursery classes.

The development of the children was assessed regularly by both quantitative and qualitative analysis by assessing the contribution of the pre-school setting to a child's cognitive and social or behavioural development at entry to school and any continuing effects on such outcomes two years later at the end of Key Stage 1 when the children were seven.

The child’s factors, for example, gender and health, and their family background characteristics, for example, socioeconomic status and mother’s education were taken into consideration during these assessments.

Notes;
- Use written words and not numbers
- Paragraph five is too long, make it into two sentences.

The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project is a longitudinal study that lasted five years and was based in England. It followed the development of over three thousand children from one hundred and forty-one pre-school settings.  The aim of this study was to show the difference between children’s development that attended ‘excellent’ settings in comparison to children that attended ‘good’ or ‘average’ settings. In addition, A sample of 'home' children, who had very little or no group pre-school experience, were recruited, Good description. Could you evaluate this in any way?  Was this the first of this type of study when it was conducted? It seems to me to be somewhat comprehensive in that it examined good, average or excellent compared to home children.

A sample of 'home' children, who had very little or no group pre-school experience, were recruited to the study at entry to school for comparison to the three thousand children that did attend pre-school settings. Include in method section- how would you evaluate this sample size- substantial??

Children were recruited when they were three years old, as this is when children usually begin attending childcare settings. The settings used varied which included; local authority day nursery, integrated centres, playgroups, private day nurseries, maintained nursery schools and maintained nursery classes.

The development of the children was assessed regularly, by both quantitative and qualitative analysis, by assessing the contribution of the pre-school setting to a child's cognitive and social or behavioural development at entry to school. Also, any continuing effects on such outcomes two years later at the end of Key Stage 1 when the children were seven.
These paragraphs would be more appropriate in the design section of the bibliography.

The child’s factors, for example, gender and health, and their family background characteristics, for example, socioeconomic status and mother’s education were taken into consideration during these assessments.

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Homelessness and its effects on children.

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Homelessness and its effects on children.

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Topic: The effects of homelessness on a child.

Homelessness effects every facet of a child’s life, it effects the emotional, physical, social, cogitative, and behavioural development of children. After 18 months of age these developmental delays begin to show, by the time children reach the age of 5 and are attending school they already are experiencing developmental delays which can lead to them falling behind in school or needing extra help. Homeless children can experience social problems as they often can be excluded by other children which leads to social delays and emotional damage. In general homeless children experience health problems, they are at greater risk of asthma and infectious diseases which often can be more severe than housed children. Certain strategies can be done to try improve the number of homeless children, some of strategies are assisting families in obtaining health and nutrition information, providing emergency housing for families and assessing and monitoring children’s development. These give young children who have experienced the effects of homelessness a chance to build resiliency and to try break the cycle of homelessness.

This is a good lit review of the effects of homelessness.  However, you need to link this into an evaluation of the article.  E.g. The authors usefully highlight that homeless children can experience social problems as they often can be excluded by other children which leads to social delays and emotional damage.  The literature the authors provide gives a detailed overview of the difficulties associated with homelessness, such as....
Do he authors outline their research question?  What was this study actually investigating? Did they provide a rationale for their study?

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High-quality interactions with infants: relationships with early childhood practitioners’ interpretations and qualification levels in play and routine contexts

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High-quality interactions with infants: relationships with early childhood practitioners’ interpretations and qualification levels in play and routine contexts

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The title to this study is detailed and clearly outlines what the study is about- evaluative- good!. The introduction is descriptive and includes research by various sources most of which were written in the last ten years. It starts with background information on how early experiences affect childrens overall development. It also raises concerns of the effects of poor quality programmes in day care settings and the effects that this can have on young children (what types of effects can it have?). This study was carried out to investigate the factors (what were these factors?) associated with quality in day care centres. It describes that the type of study carried out was a longtitudional study and it includes the studies main finding which was that sensitive stimulating interactions between adults and children has an effect on childrens developmental outcomes. �  try not to include the results- save for later.
You have managed to include some evaluation which is great, well done.  Yours is a good example for us to learn from;so whilst everyone has been somewhat descriptive, you are attempting to be evaluative however at the same time you could do with providing more description and details of the introduction.  I suppose this highlights the very fine balance between description and evaluation. You need enough description of the details so the reader has a feel for the study and also evaluation where you comment on the positives and negatives of the introduction.
Do the authors provide a rationale? Is the study unique?

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Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8

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Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8

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The purpose of this article is to look at the positives and negatives that technology have on a young child aged 0-8 and how this technology can be used as tools tools in an early childhood classroom. Technology has changed greatly in the last few decades. Children of older generations were introduced to television and since then computers, videos, dvds, mobile phones and much more have come about. The author focuses on the positives throughout the introduction he mentions that when used properly the technology available can be of great benefit to the child. The authors accurately note that The present day is described as an opportune time to use cutting-edge technology as a teaching tool to support a child’s development. When the inclusion of technology in Early Childhood programmes is planned to target solid developmental foundations, and the early childhood practitioners are aware of both the opportunities and the challenges, technology has the potential to benefit each and every child. The author states that there is a large body of research to support what we know about how young children develop but doesn’t provide citation (are there no citations at all) or the method of research used.

Very well described.
It isn't clear what the research question is. Is there a rationale for the study? Was it clearly outlined and appropriate?

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Introduction:

The author has clearly stated that she is concerning the linkage between spending time outdoors and health in this report- maybe give examples of the concerns to provide context to the article. She has also stated that what topics she had been taking in-depth look to write this review literature. For example, author said that she did review the policy that is related to outdoor use and the children’s health. Besides, it also described that she used qualitative research to make this report and she has clearly stated that where are the places that she went to do observation. For instance, play spaces, natural places and school.

Bad:

-       Did not state that what age group of children that she observed

-       How many children in the group?

-       How long is the observation?

What is the research question?  IS there a rationale? IS the introduction clearly written and up to date?  More details of what the introduction tells us about the topic at hand.

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The long term effects of child sexual abuse on mental health

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The long term effects of child sexual abuse on mental health

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Towards the end there is a little overlap with the design section, for instance when you start talking about the sample etc. You do evaluate it though so well done- but it just doesn't belong in this section.
More details of the research question. You mention that previous studies didn't look at personality change,; do the current authors attempt to take this into consideration in their study and therefore addressing a limitation? If so make this clear and say this is a benefit of the current study.

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Article: Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: a
prospective birth cohort study

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Article: Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: a
prospective birth cohort study

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Topic: The link between breast feeding and cognitive development

The purpose of this article is to examine the association between breast feeding and cognitive development.  The question of whether breast feeding and formula feeding have differential effects on cognitive development has not yet been comprehensively answered in term infants; therefore the authors argue there is a need to investigate this and in doing so they have helpfully proposed a suitable rationale for their study.  further is how they proposed their research question. The authors offer explanations for the uncertainty regarding the benefits of breast feeding, much of which is related to the design of previous studies such as, lack of sample size, resulting in inadequate statistical power and the failure to obtain prospective data on a wide range of variables.

rom the unanswered question above they have gathered that it has been largely because of lack of sample size, resulting in inadequate statistical power and the failure to obtain prospective data on a wide range of variables. Their study was done by verbal IQ and a performance sub-test measured at 6 and 8 years of age, taking into account several perinatal, social and family factors.

A little more detail would help. Examples of some the benefits of breast feeding to provide some context. Do the authors review relevant and up to date literature. You highlighted the authors rationale for the study which was great.

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Article: Physical
behavioural, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal second -hand smoke exposure.

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Article: Physical
behavioural, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal second -hand smoke exposure.

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Topic: Health effects of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure on children.
Article: Physical behavioural, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal second -hand smoke exposure.

The purpose of this journal article is to examine the rapidly expanding literature regarding the adverse effects of prenatal tobacco and post-natal second hand smoke (SHS) exposure on child development. Mechanisms of SHS exposure are reviewed, especially during critical periods where tobacco smoke is seen to be more harmful to the development foetus and the child. The following physical outcomes are discussed, SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), low birth weight, asthma, childhood cancer, hearing loss and metabolic syndrome. The research article also discusses the following cognitive and behavioural outcomes, attention deficit, conduct disorder, hyperactivity disorder, poor academic achievement and cognitive impairment. These physical, cognitive and behavioural effects are reviewed, and the quantitative findings from both animal models and humans are used in this review. The exposure to SHS is assessed indirectly by measuring the concentrations of carbon monoxide, thiocyanate or nicotine metabolites such as cotinine. Currently the same marker used to measure active smoking is used to measure SHS.

Revised version:
More background information.
No need to state how they used the same tool to measure both active and second -hand smoke.

The purpose of this journal article is to examine the rapidly expanding literature regarding the adverse effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal second -hand smoke (SHS) exposure on a child’s development. More than one billion people worldwide smoke, with over six million deaths per year caused by tobacco products. Many people remain unaware of the harm these products cause. In addition, the effects of tobacco exposure on children is extensive and continues to grow. More than 21.9 million children are estimated to be at risk of reading deficits because of SHS. In this journal Mechanisms of SHS exposure are reviewed, especially during critical periods where tobacco smoke is seen to be more harmful to the development foetus and the child. The following physical outcomes are discussed, SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), low birth weight, asthma, childhood cancer, hearing loss and metabolic syndrome. The research article also discusses in sufficient detail the following cognitive and behavioural outcomes, attention deficit, conduct disorder, hyperactivity disorder, poor academic achievement and cognitive impairment. These physical, cognitive and behavioural effects are reviewed, and the quantitative findings from both animal models and humans are used in this review. The exposure to SHS is assessed indirectly by measuring the concentrations of carbon monoxide, thiocyanate or nicotine metabolites such as cotinine.

You have described the study really well and highlight what information the study include but helpfully given examples of that information.  You could strengthen this by adding in evaluative words (see example added above).
I presume this is a review article and does not actually conduct research?  If that is not the case and the authors do conduct a study you need to be clear about what they were investigating (their research question) and evaluate that question - is it appropriate considering the literature they reviewed? DO they have a relevant rationale for their study?

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Article: The Relationship
between Quality of Attachment and Behavior Problems in Pre-School in a
High-Risk Sample.

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Article: The Relationship
between Quality of Attachment and Behavior Problems in Pre-School in a
High-Risk Sample.

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The topic of discussion in this article is the quality of attachment on children in pre-school. The author’s major influence for this study is Bowlby’s attachment theory which says the relationship between the infant and their caregiver sets the groundwork for a child’s development later in life. Secure attachment is where the child is more likely to "approach the world with confidence and, when faced with potentially alarming situations, is likely to tackle them effectively or to seek help in doing so" (Bowlby, 1973, p. 208). Erikson, Mahler and Sander who also had an interest in Bowlby’s attachment theory emphasise a child who has a ‘basic trust’ are better at moving forward with autonomous functioning and from having positive social exchanges, this helps to promote successful peer relations. The hypothesis that will be tested in this study is children who were anxiously attached would be more likely to have behaviour problems in pre-school and to determine if the particular pattern of anxious attachment related to specific problem behaviours in the preschool.

- State what method used (qualitative or quantitative)
- A lot of background information
-try not to use quotes-  I agree

The topic of discussion in this article is the quality of attachment on children in pre-school. The author’s major influence for this study is Bowlby’s attachment theory which says the relationship between the infant and their caregiver sets the groundwork for a child’s development later in life. The author discusses  howaccording to Bowlby secure attachment is where the child is more likely to approach the world with confidence and, when faced with potentially alarming situations, is likely to tackle them effectively or to seek help in doing so.  The author uses the quantitative method in order to gather and analyse their results by using problem-solving and scales.....

Instead -The author uses the quantitative method in order to ...include research question here rather than skipping ahead to specific details of scales and the tasks.  We need to understand the research question before we know how they did it. Make sense?

The hypothesis that will be tested in this study is children who were anxiously attached would be more likely to have behaviour problems in pre-school and to determine if the particular pattern of anxious attachment related to specific problem behaviours in the preschool. - this is very clear! �

Evaluate a little more, is the hypothesis accurate/ reasonable based on the literature reviewed?

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Emotional
and antisocial outcomes of bullying and victimization at school: a follow-up
from childhood to adolescence

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Emotional
and antisocial outcomes of bullying and victimization at school: a follow-up
from childhood to adolescence

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Introduction

The title is clearly outlined and gives a good indication of what is going to be discussed throughout this article. The author expressed the need for such research by questioning if bullying is only a school related problem or if it goes on right to adulthood problems. The author also clarifies whether problems like anxiety and depression and social isolation are a direct consequence of being bullied or just a risk associated with bullying. This is a longitudinal study  and it Is noted that this kind of study can help give a clearer understanding of the relations between the various constructs and various mechanisms. It is clear to see from reading this introduction what exact question s being asked which is investigating the relation between school bullying, victimization in childhood and behavioural/emotional problems in adolescence. The introduction ends with the author telling the reader about how the space limits the focus is on core data presentation and not on detailed analyses and discussion.

-Last sentence didnt make sense
-Rephrase "or if it goes on right to adulthood problems"

Introduction

The title is clearly outlined and gives a good indication of what is going to be discussed throughout this article. The author expressed the need for such research by questioning if bullying is only a school related problem or if it can cause problems in adulthood (did they express the need for this as we do not know this as yet?- If so, just be clearer. The author provides a suitable rationale for their study as the issues as to whether bullying is only a ..........has not yet be examined in sufficient detail or at all). The author also clarifies whether problems like anxiety and depression and social isolation are a direct consequence of being bullied or just a risk associated with bullying. This is a longitudinal study  and it Is noted that this kind of study can help give a clearer understanding of the relations between the various constructs and various mechanisms. It is clear to see from reading this introduction what exact question s being asked which is investigating the relation between school bullying, victimization in childhood and behavioural/emotional problems in adolescence.

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The introduction clearly describes that this study is about how good practice affects children in early years. The introduction gives the breakdown of this study, the studys beginning, main body and results. This breakdown along with the clear language used makes this introduction easy to follow. It describes how observations were carried out in this study and that it was a longtitude study carried out over five years. It names the participants of this study being children and staff across fourteen early years settings. It includes a limitation of the study that some of the data had to be included separately at the end of the study. Included is the main result from the study which is that all of the fourteen settings in varying degrees provide good practice to children.

-       Include the title and if it’s a relevant title- Researching effective pedagogy in the early years – This study has a clear title that describes what the study is about.

-       State if sources used are recent -  This introduction mentions one source which is from 2000- elaborate on this point- are you arguing that this is not recent enough- then say so- or it may be a little dated but still relevant and necessary to include- if so, say that.

-       Add what the data is that has to be included separately – That there was no child outcome data available for childminders.

Researching Effective Pedagogy

This study has a clear title that describes what the study is about. The introduction clearly describes how good practice affects children in early years. It gives the breakdown of this study, the studys beginning, main body and results. This breakdown along with the clear language used makes this introduction easy to follow. It describes how observations were carried out in this study and that it was a longtitude study carried out over five years. It names the participants of this study being children and staff across fourteen early years settings. It includes a limitation of the study that the data of childminders had to be included separately at the end of the study. The reason for this was that there was no child outcome data available for these providers. Included is the main result from the study which is that all of the fourteen settings in varying degrees provide good practice to children.
Aedeen

Focus only on the introduction. You have info here that is relevant to the design section.
You did manage to evaluate the parts of the intro that you included, you just need to focus on the into more.