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Taxonomy Project: Reptiles (Lizards and Snakes)

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Taxonomy Project: Reptiles (Lizards and Snakes)

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By: Joey Neild

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=reptile+fossils&FORM=HDRSC2

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https://www.google.com/search?q=phylogenetic+tree+of+reptiles&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=619&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4xYvN74vNAhUJOj4KHbBfBSsQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=lonGIiX4EwZnVM%3A

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https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/QY4wUpdQzd_O0GV9vfm5z_o2K8xqi3XT8k-gBqSb6QhxTOPxyhZvMCPTCET76BM0UPgAyCbJa60OFr7w3e4IrCj3lzYz2ZTQEKslQ5J4XAbr1slcivenS4-gVx74Boq8AxkCjJLe

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http://thenortherncoalskinkresource.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/0/8/17085924/1060518_orig.jpg
https://padlet-res.cloudinary.com/image/fetch/a_exif,c_limit,dpr_1.0,fl_lossy,w_708/https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fprod%2F116608025%2F1ce92a1a99811f911ba1cf5a719da973ae971495%2F5065ea01410e60686572f869b1503f4b.png

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http://www.merckvetmanual.com/media/pet/figures/EXO_lizard_anatomy.gif
http://www.snakeeducation.com/photos/misc/internalorgans.gif

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Lizards are tetrapod meaning that they have four limbs.
Lizards also have protective scales on their skin to protect them from predators.
Lizards lay eggs, meaning that they are amniotes. (They can also bare live young)
Some lizards have special bones in their jaw that help with their mobility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard

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Lizards are cold-blooded, which means that they can not control their own body temperature. They do not use energy to regulate their body temperature which means they can live in the desert climate.
Since lizards have a larger jaw, they can consume larger prey than most other animals.
The moisture in the scales helps the lizard survive in warm conditions.
Lizards can also re-grow their tails if it is detached.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard

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Lizard parents tend to protect their young when there is danger of a predator.
Lizards tend to live in groups in their early years, once they are matured, they go out and try to find their own mate and try to survive on their own. To greet each other, the raise their hand/feet. Females pick their mate based on how genetically fit he is for the environment. If the male has tough scales in an environment where there is a ton of predators, then obviously the female would choose him. The female would not choose a male who is genetically unfit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard

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Since lizards do not use energy to maintain their body heat and also since they can retain water, the warmest areas of the Earth is where these animals usually live. They can live in deserts in Africa or rainforests in South America.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard

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Snakes have really tough scales just like lizard scales. They are meant to protect them from predators.
Snakes have no limbs, therefore they slither on the ground.
Snakes also lay eggs and have their own egg nest.
Snakes also have special bones in their jaw for their venom in some species and to eat large predators whole.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake

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Snakes are also cold-blooded and can not control their own body heat. They do not use energy to maintain their body temperature so they live in warm areas of the world.
Snakes having larger jaws means they can poison their prey so they can eat it. They will only use poison if their predator/prey is very large.
Snake scales also contain water so they can have homeostasis in their body.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake

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Snakes do not live together unless they are the parent or they are still in maturing year. Once they have surpassed the maturing years, they go out on their own to survive. They hunt their prey by slowly approaching their prey. Some species will attack their prey by biting them with their venom. Then they will bite their prey and choke them with their bodies. Snakes only interact with each other if they are fighting over a mate or if they are preying upon each other and in their infancy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake

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Snakes are cold blooded and need to live in warm climates. They typically live in rainforests because they can hunt their prey in secret and they also live their because it is easy to maneuver.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake

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Geckos are unique and different from the rest of the lizards because they are extremely fast and are able to get from place to place in an instant. They are also unique because they are the size of a pencil.

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The Black Mamba is unique and different because its venom is one of the strongest in the world, the smallest amount can kill someone instantly. It is also unique because it protects its young like no other.

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The King Cobra is unique and different because when it feels challenged, it will "stand up" like you see in the picture. The King Cobra is also used for rituals in Hindu culture as snake taming.

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Common Name
Gecko

Kingdom
Animal

Phylum
Chordate

Class
Reptile

Order
Squamata

Family
Elapidae

Genus
gekko

Species
infraorder

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard

As you can see, the Gecko shares a lot of traits with the King Cobra and the Black Mamba (You'll see that in a few seconds.) The Gecko is from he the same origin as the snake. They did not live together at first, but once they did, they became almost similar.

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Common Name
King Cobra

Kingdom
Animal

Phylum
Chordate

Class
Reptile

Order
Squamata

Family
Elapidae

Genus
Ophiophagus

Species
Elapid

Common name
Black Mamba

Kingdom
Animal

Phylum
chordate

Class
Reptile

Order
squamata

Family
elapidae

Genus
mamba

Species
black mamba

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake

As you can see, The King Cobra and The Black Mamba share a lot in common with each other. This is because they share a common ancestor on their family tree or they are closely related in the snake phylogenic tree

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Iguanas and Geckos have the same DNA sequences because they are very genetically alike, they both have very rough scales to protect them.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguana

The gecko also does not use enzymes or anything that produces energy for their body heat because they are cold blooded.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguana

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In the pictures in the beginning of the presentation, you saw that snakes have a common set up of where their main organs are and where everything is. This shows that the King Cobra and the Black Mamba are nearly the same because of their internal body structure.
https://padlet-res.cloudinary.com/image/fetch/a_exif,c_limit,dpr_1.0,fl_lossy,w_708/https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fprod%2F116608025%2F1ce92a1a99811f911ba1cf5a719da973ae971495%2F5065ea01410e60686572f869b1503f4b.png
The King Cobra and the Black mamba also have the same amount of offspring as well. In the offspring's early development, they are at 28 Celsius. (82 F)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_cobra

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Some lizards are able to change colors to prevent predators/prey from seeing them. The iguana is one of a few species that can become different colors.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard_(camouflage)

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Evolution of snakes is at work because before, snakes never had venom in their mouths. They only had fangs that could bite larger predators/prey. The venom gives them an advantage because now they can kill you on sight with one bite.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_snake_venom

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I believe that the lizard species do have offspring with more genes that are fit than their parents. They do follow Darwin's theory of descent with modification. I also believe that their type of natural selection is directional. They will always favor the dominant traits because that is what causes them to live longer.

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I believe that snake species have offspring that are more capable of living then their parents did because of natural selection. The type of natural selection that snakes go through is directional selection. They go through directional selection because they always choose the trait that will benefit their offspring.