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- A character who serves as a direct contrast to another character as a device to emphasize the qualities of the main character.

Ex.
In the Harry Potter series, Draco Malfoy is a foil to Harry Potter.

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- An insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work. It is rarely stated by the author and requires that the reader make inferences based on clues given in the text.

Ex. William Shakespear's "Romeo and Juliet" has a theme of romance.

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- A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, a typically moral or political one. A story in which characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about huamn life or for a political or historical situation.

Ex. The book "Animal Farm" by George Orwell shows animals on a farm to describe the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist Revolution of Russia.

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- A person, place, thing or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something more than itself.

Ex. A black rose is a symbol of death.

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- A statement that appears self-contradictory, yet reveals a kind of turth, shows the complexities of life.

Ex. She was a wise fool.

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- Is a type of metaphor in which the comparison is made with the use of the words "like" or "as" (or it's equivalent)

Ex. Her skin was frigid as ice.

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- A figure of speech that suggests a non-literal similarity; makes an analogy between two things to show how one resemles the other in some way (directly stated).

Ex. She was drowning in a ocean of fear.

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- Discribtive language that can function as a way for the reader to better imagine the world of a piece of literature.

Ex. The eerie silence was shattered by the bloodcurdling scream.

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- The writer's attitude toward the character, subject, and the audience of a story.

Ex. An author writes a satire, making fun of a horror story using a playful or sarcastic tone.

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- The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences.

Ex.
You are afraid.

The boy eats a cookie.

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- A recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., that is related to the theme. Usually found in a literary, artistic, or musical work.

Ex. In "To Kill A Mockingbird", Harper Lee adds drama to her story by using "gothic details" such as the unnatural snowfall, the fire, the rabid dog, and the superstitions surrounding Boo Radley.

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- When a writer gives human characters to animals or inanimate objects to create imagery.

Ex. When we say, “The sky weeps” we are giving the sky the ability to cry, which is a human quality.

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- The climate or feeling of a literary work. Reflects the emotional response of the reader to the writing.

Ex. Charles Dickens creates a calm and peaceful mood in his novel “Pickwick Papers"

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- Incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs.

a. Dramatic Irony
- Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.
b. Situational Irony
- Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.

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- The literal meaning (dictionary definition (of a word).

Ex.
A rose is literally a type of flower (it can represent love or beauty).

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- The act of describing the character or qualities of someone or something.

a. Direction Characterization
- The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells what the character is like (i.e., specific character traits). This information must come directly from the writer or narrator (cannot be inferred or implied by other characters.

Ex.
“Bill was short and fat, and his bald spot was widening with every passing year.”

b. Indirect Characterization
- The writer reveals a character's traits through dialogue, the character's actions and thoughts, appearance, and the effect the character has on others.

Ex.
“Bill sighed as he looked at the offer of a gym membership. He really should join. But just thinking about it made beads of sweat collect at the top of his bald spot.”

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- Aims to make an animal or object behave and appear like they are human beings. Similar to personification, but its focus is not on imagery.

Ex.
In Beauty and the Beast, the clock, candlestick, and the teapot all act and behave as if they are human beings.

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- A character who serves as a direct contrast to another character as a device to emphasize the qualities of the main character.

Ex.
Benvolio was a foil to Tibalt. While

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-The choice and use of words and phrases in speech and writing; the style of enunciation in speaking or singing.

Ex.
He said the words and she wrote them down on.

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-The act of discribing the character of someone or qualities or something.

Ex.
The dove, reprensents peace and gentleness.

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-A very specific example of a certain person or thing.
-Something original that has been copied or imitated.

Ex.
The mother, the one who usually guides a child through tough times, caring and compassionate. Or a Stepmother who is cruel to a child and dislikes them.

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-An expression to call something to mind without mentioning it entirely; an indirect or passing refrence.

Ex.
"I thought software would be useful, but it was a Trojen Horse." This refers to the Greeks that built a wooden horse and hid soliders inside. The "gift" was given to the enemy during the Trojen War. Once inside the walls or Troy, the soliders escaped. By using tricks, the Greeks won the war.
qw