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A teenage girl, Greta Thunberg, has become the world-famous face of the climate strike movement. But she's far from alone: Thunberg has helped rally and inspire others - especially girls.

NPR talked to four teenage climate activists, all girls, from the U.S. and Australia, alongside their mothers. These teenagers are juggling activism with schoolwork and personal time. And their families are working hard to support them as they grapple with the heavy emotions that come with fighting for the future.

In Castlemaine, Australia, Milou Albrecht, 15, co-founded School Strike for Climate Australia, which organizes student walkouts. As massive bush fires engulf parts of her home country, Albrecht's group has been pressuring the German corporation Siemens to withdraw from an Australian coal mining project.

In New York City, Xiye Bastida, 17, led her school in the city's first big student climate strike last March, and along with traveling and public speaking, she and some of her classmates have continued to strike on Fridays ever since. ("Gym is on Fridays, so I have a very low grade in gym," she notes.)

In Louisiana, 16-year-old Jayden Foytlin was one of 21 young people who sued the federal government for violating their rights to a livable planet. The young plaintiffs hailed from communities around the country that have been directly affected by global warming - Foytlin, for example, is from south Louisiana, where her home has been flooded in storms.

The lawsuit, Juliana v. United States, was recently thrown out by a federal appeals court. But Foytlin says she's formed lasting friendships with the other plaintiffs. "We all share one thing in common - we really care about where we're from, and how we are going to continue to live [here]."

In upstate New York, Scout Pronto Breslin, 16, is focused on wildlife. She lives in Rhinebeck, and is the founder of a group called Hudson Valley Wild. "I volunteer at a wildlife rehab clinic," she says, explaining what motivated her activism."The birds there often come in with blood poisoning because of illegal toxins from chemical runoff and fertilizer."

Pronto Breslin advises other teens to find what really interests them about the climate movement. She says it could be composting in their schools, gardening, nature: "Once you find something that you really love, then that will just give you motivation to keep going with it."
Girls to the front
It's no coincidence that teenage girls are especially visible right now as climate leaders, says Katharine Wilkinson.

"The youth movement is such a great example of the way in which girls and young women are stepping into the heart of this space, and showing us what it looks like to lead with courage and imagination and incredible moral clarity."

Wilkinson works with a solutions-focused climate organization called Project Drawdown, and delivered a TED talk on how empowering women and girls can help stop global warming.

"When we think about the nexus of climate and gender, there are three big points of intersection," she tells NPR.

"One is that the impacts of climate change hit women and girls first and worst," particularly in the developing world and in poor communities.

The second, she says, is that "gender equality is itself a climate solution," with women's education and equity leading to smaller family sizes and, research shows, better land management practices.

And the third is what Wilkinson calls "transformational leadership that is grounded in intersectional feminism and what we might consider more feminine approaches to leading."

We all need to save the world. It's not up to girls. As much as we admire and love what they're doing. It also doesn't absolve us of responsibility.

Scout Pronto Breslin's mother, Jennifer Breslin, used to work on gender equity issues at the United Nations. She agrees with Wilkinson: "I think it's really amazing how many young women are involved in this."

On the other hand, she says, "I don't believe 'Girls are going to save the world.' We all need to save the world. It's not up to girls. As much as we admire and love what they're doing, it also doesn't absolve us of responsibility."
Raised to care for the Earth
Each of these girls expressed her own, independent commitment to the climate crisis - but it's impossible to ignore the upbringings that sparked their engagement.

"My mom and my dad always taught me what it was to take care of the Earth," Xiye Bastida says.

Bastida - who has been described as New York City's Greta Thunberg - is the daughter of Geraldine Patrick Encina, a scholar in residence at the Union Theological Seminary's Center for Earth Ethics, and an environmental activist since her own teenage years in Chile. Bastida's father is a member of the indigenous Otomi Toltec nation in Mexico, which advocates for the protection of their local water and land.

Patrick Encina says the family follows indigenous traditions. "We will do at least one ceremony, you know, to the waters or to the land frequently, maybe once a week."

Milou Albrecht is the daughter of Susan Burke, a psychologist who works in climate adaptation and disaster recovery. Burke and her husband raised their three children for years in an eco-friendly, rural, intentional community. Albrecht says she grew up going to environmental protests, and that they were "heaps of fun."

Social justice was part of Scout Pronto Breslin's upbringing, too. Aside from her mother's work in areas including sustainable development, her father was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa, and currently works for the U.N.

And Jayden Foytlin's mother is Cherri Foytlin, a direct action climate activist of Afro-Latina-Indigenous descent who is known for opposing an oil pipeline in south Louisiana.

"Some families, they go to baseball games or ballerina concerts," notes Cherri. "Well, it's always been a family function for us to go to marches or meetings or meet with the community and learn how to organize."

It's always been a family function for us to go to marches or meetings or meet with the community and learn how to organize.

All of the teenagers, however, made the point that they had friends in the movement whose parents were less aware, less involved or less supportive than their own.

"I have a few friends whose parents will tell them, 'You can not go to that meeting until you finish your homework,' or, 'You have to stop skipping school on Fridays,' " says Xiye Bastida. She calls it "a very fine line because no parent wants their kid to fail school."
Supporting, but also stepping back
Young climate change activists need support, they and their parents say, especially emotional support. "The toughest moments have been when Xiye just needs a hug," says her mother, Patrick Encina.

Climate change is enormous and tragic. It feels very personal to young people in particular, who are more likely than older generations to say that it impacts them personally. That makes it similar to other youth-led movements, such as Black Lives Matter and the March for Our Lives movement against gun violence.

The toughest moments have been when Xiye just needs a hug.

At the same time, eco-anxiety, depression and secondary traumatic stress are normal psychological reactions to learning about the reality of human-caused environmental destruction. That's according to psychologist Renee Lertzman, who has been working in this area for decades. She compares the situation of these teenagers to her own upbringing in the nuclear age.

"Anyone who's my age knows what it's like to grow up with the threat of nuclear war around you all the time, and how terrifying that is," she says. "So I have a lot of empathy and compassion for what it's like to be a young person in the context of an existential threat. I feel concern, and I feel like we need to be thoughtful about how we navigate this."

She says young people need to hear, "It's not all on them."

On the positive side, Susan Burke, Milou Albrecht's psychologist mother, says getting involved with a cause you care about can be protective for mental health. "It's great to take action on things that are worrying you because action is one of the best antidotes to despair and helplessness and hopelessness."

But Burke cautions that this work must be child-led - you can't push your children to get involved.

It's great to take action on things that are worrying you because action is one of the best antidotes to despair and helplessness and hopelessness.

Albrecht says her parents are good at listening and supporting,"but also kind of stepping back and let me do my thing."

Scout Pronto Breslin's mom, Jennifer Breslin, agrees with that approach. "We need to not micromanage them. It's really hard. You kind of want to jump in and say, 'Why don't you try this?' "

Many youth and student groups have created guidelines for adult allies on how to be supportive without taking over.
Balancing school, life and activism
Many activists are also high-achieving students with multiple AP classes and packed schedules. Bastida says to make room for the school strike planning and the traveling and speaking she's doing, she's dropped gymnastics and Model United Nations. No regrets, she says: "Model U.N. is so stressful. I am more nervous about Model U.N. than [lobbying] the actual U.N. Kids are crazy competitive. I'm not trying to be part of that."

Nevertheless, they all say that they have to - and their parents encourage them to - make room for downtime and hobbies.

Foytlin likes to draw and play with her little brother. Bastida likes Netflix and taking baths, and she says, "My dad tells me every day, 'You cannot fix the world if you do not fix up your room.' "

Pronto Breslin likes taking walks in the woods with her golden retriever, Tess; playing the guitar and listening to Elvis and the Beatles. And Albrecht likes gardening.

Each of these girls says it's important to find joy in the moment, and in the friendships they are making as they work for a better future.

"We advocate [so much] for urgency," Bastida says. "We are saying you need to act now. You need to do this fast. But you cannot live your life in that way. And I think that's the trickiest part - how do you live in a state of urgency without feeling that within you? So we have to remain centered not only in our families, but our communities, in organizing. When we organize, we model the world we want to see."

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'You Need To Act Now': Meet 4 Girls Working To Save The Warming World

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"When we organize, we model the world we want to see," says teenager Xiye Bastida. Activist girls like Bastida have been especially visible in the fight against climate change.

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What would you like to see happen about climate change over the next four years?

If you could wave a magic wand and make your environmental dreams come true, what would they be, and why?

In " Trump Has Choices to Make on Climate Policy. What Would You Do?," Tatiana Schlossberg offers readers an interactive quiz. First, she writes:

Nearly two weeks after his inauguration, it seems like President Trump is eager to get things done, including environmental policy decisions.

He already made moves on pipelines, a key environmental policy, but it will still take some time before they are implemented. What's his next move, and what happens after that? Let's explore the options and find out what's at stake in many of these complicated policy decisions.

She continues, with the first quiz question:

As a candidate, Mr. Trump opposed the Clean Power Plan, a proposed set of regulations under the Clean Air Act that would require power plants to drastically reduce their carbon dioxide emissions.

(We'll get to the Paris agreement later.)

Go with your gut: Do you think Mr. Trump should scrap the Clean Power Plan?

Option 1: Keep it!

Option 2: Get rid of it!

Students: Take the quiz, then tell us:

- In your opinion, what should be done about climate change?

- How big of a priority should climate change be for President Trump and other world leaders? Why?

- How did you do on the quiz? How did you score in terms of environmental friendliness? Why?

- Will you watch the news to follow environmental policy developments under the Trump administration? Why or why not?
Students 13 and older are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

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If You Were President, What Would You Do About Climate Change? (Published 2017)

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What would you like to see happen about climate change over the next four years? If you could wave a magic wand and make your environmental dreams come true, what would they be, and why? In " Trump Has Choices to Make on Climate Policy.

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The Teenagers at the End of the World (Published 2020)

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Young climate activists like Jamie Margolin are building a movement while growing up — planning mass protests from childhood bedrooms and during school.

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The NOAA Education Portal is your one-stop shop to connect with learning and teaching resources about the ocean and atmosphere. Discover curricula, lesson plans, and real-time data to bring NOAA science into your classroom. Explore opportunities for educators and students of all levels. Apply for competitive funding for education projects.

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The NOAA Education Portal is your one-stop shop to connect with learning and teaching resources about the ocean and atmosphere. Discover curricula, lesson plans, and real-time data to bring NOAA science into your classroom. Explore opportunities for educators and students of all levels. Apply for competitive funding for education projects.

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The researchers identified 10 tree-planting drone companies as well as university research in India and government reforestation efforts in New Zealand and Madagascar. In Myanmar, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates, drones have been used to help plant mangrove trees, a potentially impactful development, since trees planted near the equator capture more carbon than those planted elsewhere.

But the researchers said few companies have shared success rates or research into how seeds fare after they're dropped by a drone. They called on those involved in drone seeding to be more open about their results. They label pledges to grow a billion trees a year "propaganda."

Mikey Mohan is a PhD candidate at UC Berkeley and lead author of the paper. He thinks commitments to grow a billion trees are largely promotional tactics by companies looking to raise funds from investors. He said half of the social media posts he saw pertaining to drones planting trees had to do with promises to plant a billion trees.

What actually matters is the number of seeds that grow into trees after two or three years, he said, not the number of seeds you can drop on the ground in a day.

"It takes a lot of other steps beyond the scattering of seed to grow a forest, in my mind."

Robert McNitt, creator, Forest Seedling Network

The researchers cited a 2020 study by DroneSeed that found survival rates for some conifer tree seeds range between zero and 20 percent, similar to prior efforts to drop seeds from planes or helicopters in the US in the 1950s and 1960s. Like other companies in the field, DroneSeed declined to say how many trees it has planted to date. The company would not disclose the names of customers but says it is working with three of the five largest timber companies in the US, as well as nonprofit conservation groups such as the Nature Conservancy.

Last month, five-year-old DroneSeed acquired SilvaSeed, a 130-year-old company that's one of the largest private forest seed providers on the US West Coast. For context, SilvaSeed grows more seedlings annually than the Cal Fire Reforestation Center. The acquisition was driven, DroneSeed CEO Grant Canary told WIRED, by the fact that Climate Action Reserve, which tracks the environmental benefits of emission-reduction projects, now includes benefits from reforestation.

"What we see with reforestation and carbon credits is now we're able to take land that's been burned and make sure there's a source of capital to reforest it," Canary says.

In attempts to make seeds dropped by drones more viable, companies apply machine learning and imaging technology to pick optimal places to plant trees and guide drone flight paths. They encase seeds in pellets made with ingredients like clay and soil and sometimes shoot them into the ground. Each seed capsule is designed to contain the moisture and nutrients a seed needs to get started.

DroneSeed, for example, includes hot pepper to deter squirrels or other wildlife from eating its vessels, which are about the size of a hockey puck. How these carrying cases for seeds are made varies. Some contain a single seed, but Dendra Systems says it can pack up to 50 kinds of seeds for trees, shrubs, and native grass in a single capsule.

Asked to comment about the propaganda claim, Flash Forest CEO Bryce Jones said the company still plans to plant 1 billion trees by 2028.

Dendra Systems, previously known as Biocarbon Engineering, is one of the oldest and best-known companies using drones to plant trees. CEO Susan Graham said the company was created with the belief that a key reason humanity has yet to slow the decline in tree populations is that we aren't using enough technology.

"You can solve the biodiversity challenge, you can solve the livelihoods challenge, and you can solve the carbon challenge all in one, if you can do it at scale," she said.

"People understand trees. They can see them, they can touch them, they can feel them, and it's a hell of a lot easier to sell."

Lauren Fletcher, former CEO, Dendra Systems

She declines to say how many trees the company has planted. Ecologists are employed to verify results, she says, and the results of their work are shared privately with customers. She says Dendra now focuses more on the total area it can restore rather than the number of trees planted.

Former Dendra CEO Lauren Fletcher says he came up with the idea of using drones for planting trees in 2008, and he was one of the first CEOs to make the billion-tree pledge. He doesn't think any drone-planting company has yet hit that target, but he thinks it remains worthwhile as an example of the big thinking needed to tackle global ecosystem restoration problems.

"The fact is people understand trees. They can see them, they can touch them, they can feel them, and it's a hell of a lot easier to sell," he said. "Try selling soil microbes."

Fletcher is currently working with Dendra Systems cofounder Irina Fedorenko on another company aiming to plant trees with small drones, particularly for small landowners. Through a partnership with WeRobotics, Flying Forests wants to plant trees with drones in 30 countries. It is exploring projects in Kenya, Panama, and Uganda.

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Drones May Help Replant Forests-If Enough Seeds Take Root

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The researchers identified 10 tree-planting drone companies as well as university research in India and government reforestation efforts in New Zealand and Madagascar. In Myanmar, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates, drones have been used to help plant mangrove trees, a potentially impactful development, since trees planted near the equator capture more carbon than those planted elsewhere.

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This Colorado community was proof an all-electric, net-zero future is possible. Now that vision is under siege

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This Colorado community was proof an all-electric, net-zero future is possible. Now that vision is under siege | CNN

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A new developer took over and upended this net-zero community when it announced natural gas lines would be installed in the newest homes, shattering the dreams of current residents.

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TED Countdown summit 2023 talks

Climate action is on the cusp of exponential growth

Climate action is speeding up -- and we each have the power to push that transformation forward. As the head of the UNFCCC, the UN's entity supporting the global response to climate change, Simon Stiell points to clear social and technological signals that show we're at the tipping points of a green revolution -- and invites us all to apply our unique skills to defending the planet against the catastrophic impacts of the climate crisis.

The renewable energy revolution happening in Ukraine

What's it like keeping the lights on during war? Ukrainian energy executive Maxim Timchenko shares how his company has diversified Ukraine's power structures to survive Russian attacks, highlighting the resilience of renewable energy. Hear more about Ukraine's present-day challenges, how it's become a testing ground in the global fight against climate change and the transformative path towards sustainable energy independence.

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TED Countdown | Championing and accelerating solutions to the climate crisis

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We champion and accelerate solutions that will propel us to a zero-carbon world - a world that is safer, cleaner and fairer for everyone.

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Seaweed-Fed Cows Burp Less Planet-Warming Methane

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Cow burps are full of the powerful planet-warming gas methane, but new research finds that adding seaweed to beef cow diets can reduce their methane emissions by as much as 82 percent, reports Oliver Milman for the .

If it proves effective at scale, reductions of this size could offer significant climate benefits. Livestock are responsible for roughly 14.5 percent of humanity's annual greenhouse gas emissions, and cows are thought to account for about 65 percent of those emissions. In the United States, the methane cows release accounts for nearly 2 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions annually.

The new results, published last week in the journal , build on work published by other researchers suggesting that adding certain types of seaweed can reduce livestock methane emissions. In 2018, some of the same researchers behind the new paper recorded methane emissions reductions of more than 50 percent among dairy cows after the introduction of a red-colored seaweed called Asparagopsis taxiformis to their feed, reported Judith Lewis Mernit for in 2018. In the 2018 paper, the catch was a reduction in milk production.

In the new results, the researchers say the methane reductions achieved by adding the seaweed came at no cost to the cow's ability to put on weight. In fact, writing in the Conversation, the researchers say their seaweed enhanced diet actually allowed the cows to convert feed to body weight 20 percent more efficiently. This would actually reduce the amount of feed required to bring an animal to market weight.

Per the Conversation, the new study also found that the efficacy of the seaweed-spiked feed didn't appear to diminish among 21 cows fed 1.5 to 3 ounces of seaweed daily for 21 weeks.

"We now have sound evidence that seaweed in cattle diet is effective at reducing greenhouse gases and that the efficacy does not diminish over time," Ermias Kebreab, an agricultural scientist at the University of California, Davis and senior author of the paper, tells the Guardian.

Th results may sound promising, but a big outstanding question is whether serving up ocean algae to a significant portion of the world's 1.5 billion cows is possible or feasible, write researchers Jan Dutkiewicz and Matthew Hayek in an opinion piece for .

Even if it were possible, Dutkiewicz and Hayek bring up an even bigger hiccup in this plan to cut the methane in cow burps. Feeding cows seaweed is only practical in feedlots, where they rapidly put on weight before slaughter. But cows only spend the last few months of their 1.5- to 2-year lives in feedlots, which accounts for just 11 percent of their lifetime methane output, according to Wired. The remaining 89 percent of a beef cow's belching happens while grazing in pasture where it's much less practical to insert brick-colored marine algae into its diet.

In the end, giving cows seaweed in feedlots would only net an 8.8 percent total reduction in methane emissions, according to Dutkiewicz and Hayek's calculations .

Per Wired, there are also the issues of the myriad other greenhouse gas emissions associated with beef production, including manure and fertilizer used on feed crops. Then, there's the transportation emissions released when the animals are sent to slaughterhouses, and again when meat is transported to distributors. Creating pasture for livestock also drives deforestation in some of the most biodiverse parts of the planet, such as the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, and releases the huge quantities of carbon stored in those ecosystems.

However, while these new findings may not mean we can all chow down on guilt-free burgers anytime soon, they could still play some role in a less carbon-intensive agriculture of the future.

In a statement, Kebreab also says that phasing out livestock entirely may not be the way forward even in a world committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to an absolute minimum.

"Only a tiny fraction of the earth is fit for crop production," says Kebreab in the statement. "Much more land is suitable only for grazing, so livestock plays a vital role in feeding the 10 billion people who will soon inhabit the planet. Since much of livestock's methane emissions come from the animal itself, nutrition plays a big role in finding solutions."

Kebreab says he and his team are currently at work on a study attempting to solve the problem of how to get seaweed supplements into the mouths and guts of cows grazing in open pasture.

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Seaweed-Fed Cows Burp Less Planet-Warming Methane

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Cow burps are full of the powerful planet-warming gas methane, but new research finds that adding seaweed to beef cow diets can reduce their methane emissions by as much as 82 percent, reports Oliver Milman for the . If it proves effective at scale, reductions of this size could offer significant climate benefits.

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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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NASA is a world leader in climate studies and Earth science. While its role is not to set climate policy or prescribe particular responses or solutions to climate change, its purview does include providing the robust scientific data needed to understand climate change. NASA then makes this information available to the global community - the public, policy- and decision-makers and scientific and planning agencies around the world.

Credit: kwest/Shutterstock.com

Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing us today. It involves many dimensions - science, economics, society, politics, and moral and ethical questions - and is a global problem, felt on local scales, that will be around for thousands of years. Carbon dioxide, the heat-trapping greenhouse gas that is the primary driver of recent global warming, lingers in the atmosphere for many thousands of years, and the planet (especially the ocean) takes a while to respond to warming. So even if we stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, global warming and climate change will continue to affect future generations. In this way, humanity is "committed" to some level of climate change.

How much climate change? That will be determined by how our emissions continue and exactly how our climate responds to those emissions. Despite increasing awareness of climate change, our emissions of greenhouse gases continue on a relentless rise. In 2013, the daily level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere surpassed 400 parts per million for the first time in human history. The last time levels were that high was about three to five million years ago, during the Pliocene Epoch.

Because we are already committed to some level of climate change, responding to climate change involves a two-pronged approach:

1. Reducing emissions of and stabilizing the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ("mitigation");

2. Adapting to the climate change already in the pipeline ("adaptation").

Mitigation and Adaptation

Credit: trekandshoot/Shutterstock.com

Mitigation - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, or transport) or enhancing the "sinks" that accumulate and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests, and soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid significant human interference with Earth's climate, "stabilize greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, page 4).

Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate. The goal is to reduce our risks from the harmful effects of climate change (like sea-level rise, more intense extreme weather events, or food insecurity). It also includes making the most of any potential beneficial opportunities associated with climate change (for example, longer growing seasons or increased yields in some regions).

Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped with changes in climate and extremes with varying degrees of success. Climate change (drought in particular) has been at least partly responsible for the rise and fall of civilizations. Earth's climate has been relatively stable for the past 10,000 years, and this stability has allowed for the development of our modern civilization and agriculture. Our modern life is tailored to that stable climate and not the much warmer climate of the next thousand-plus years. As our climate changes, we will need to adapt. The faster the climate changes, the more difficult it will be.

While climate change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. Local governments are therefore at the frontline of adaptation. Cities and local communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate problems. They are working to build flood defenses, plan for heat waves and higher temperatures, install better-draining pavements to deal with floods and stormwater, and improve water storage and use.

According to the 2014 report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (page 8) from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, governments at various levels are also getting better at adaptation. Climate change is being included into development plans: how to manage the increasingly extreme disasters we are seeing, how to protect coastlines and deal with sea-level rise, how to best manage land and forests, how to deal with and plan for drought, how to develop new crop varieties, and how to protect energy and public infrastructure.

How NASA Is Involved

NASA, with its Eyes on the Earth and wealth of knowledge on Earth's climate, is one of the world's experts in climate science. NASA's role is to provide the robust scientific data needed to understand climate change. Forexample, data from the agency's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), its follow-on mission ( GRACE-FO), the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and the ICESat-2 missions have shown rapid changes in the Earth's great ice sheets. The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and the Jason series of missions have documented rising global sea level since 1992.

NASA makes detailed climate data available to the global community - the public, policy-, and decision-makers and scientific and planning agencies around the world. It is not NASA's role to set climate policy or recommend solutions to climate change. NASA is one of 13 U.S. government agencies that form part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, which has a legal mandate to help the nation and the world understand, assess, predict, and respond to global change. These U.S. partner agencies include the Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy, each of which has a different role depending on their area of expertise.

Although NASA's main focus is not on energy-technology research and development, work is being done around the agency and by/with various partners and collaborators to find other sources of energy to power our needs.

Related Articles

For further reading on NASA's work on mitigation and adaptation, take a look at these pages:

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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

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Vital Signs of the Planet: Global Climate Change and Global Warming. Learn about where climate change solutions begin and NASA's role in adaptation and mitigation.

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Earth School - The information and inspiration we need to get to net-zero by 2050.

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How much do you already know about the basics of climate change?