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There are different tests that are done throughout pregnancy until birth to ensure baby and mother are both going to be healthy. At 10 weeks into the pregnancy a screening test can be done to check for sickle cell in both parents. 8-12 weeks a blood test will be done to check for HIV and Hepatitis B. Eye screenings are also done to check for diabetes in parents this is because it is a risk that the baby can have anything the parents have. 10-14 weeks is a combined test to check for Down Syndrome, Patau's syndrome( 3 copies of chromosome 13 instead of 2)and Edward syndrome(3 copies of chromosome 18 instead of 2)

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These use frequency sound waves to create an image of the baby and surrounding areas of the uterus. You can't physically hear the sound waves but when they bounce off the baby, they create echoes and that is what creates a black and white image.
The first ultrasound scan is usually between 8 and 14 weeks. Which is commonly known as the 12 week scan or dating scan. This scan estimates when the baby is due and checks for physical development of the baby. Between 18 and 20 weeks is the second scan. Commonly known as the 20 week scan or anatomy scan. The genitals formed weeks ago which means baby's gender can be identified more easily as long as baby is in the correct position.

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This is a diagnostic test for women who may have a higher chance of carrying a baby with a genetic or chromosome condition such as Downs Syndrome or Edwards Syndrome. It is usually carried out around 15-20 weeks because any sooner could result in the mother miscarrying. In order to do this test, a sample is taken from the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby, using a needle into the abdomen and and is guided by a ultrasound. Results would be available around 3 weeks later so other options can be discussed.

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This usually happens before mother and baby are discharged from hospital after birth. It helps with identifying any permanent hearing loss of the baby. 1 in 2 babies in every 2000 are born with permanent hearing loss which is why it is best too get this checked. Small soft tipped ear pieces inside the baby's ears and soft clicking sounds are played to see the baby's reaction.

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This is commonly known as the heel prick and usually takes place 5 days after birth. The heel prick helps to identify 9 certain conditions, such as; sickle cell disease which affects the amount of hemoglobin in the baby's body, Cystic Fibrosis which affects the lungs and digestion, Congenital hypothyroidism which is when babies don't have enough of the hormone thyroxine and severe combined immunodeficiency which is when it makes a baby's immune system weak. As well as these there are 6 inherited metabolic diseases which are; phenylketonuria(cannot break down amino acid), medium-chain acyl-coA-dehydrogenase deficiency(body's energy demands exceed their energy intake), Maple syrup urine disease(body cannot process certain amino acids), Isovaleric acidaemia(body can't process the amino acid leucine), Glutaric aciduria type 1(can't process some amino acids) and finally homocystunuria which is the body can't process the amino acid methionine.

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Weight of the baby is took at birth, as well as the length and recorded in the health record book. The weight will be taken again a week later to check that they are healthy. Often babies will lose some weight after birth. Once per month up to 6 months old it will be taken again. And then between 6-12 months old it it will be took once every 2 months. When baby is 12+ the test is once every 3 months.

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The physical examination is carried out within 72 hours of birth to check the eyes, heart, hips and genitals of the baby. It is repeated at 6-8 weeks as some conditions take longer to develop. Then the results are recorded each time to keep track of the baby's health.

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The checks in pregnancy are a; blood pressure check, urine tests, blood tests, measuring the baby's growth and checking the baby's heartbeat.

Mild Blood pressure (140/90)
Moderate (150/110)
Severe (160/110)
High blood pressure is also known as Hypertension.

Urine checks:
Certain substances in a pregnant mothers urine can be a sign of conditions that may cause problems for mother and baby. Urine tests will occur on each antenatal visit.
Midwife will check for; sugar levels(could lead to gestational diabetes in mother), Nitrites and white blood cells(sign of urinary tract infection) could lead to early labour and protein levels to keep track of signs of pre-eclampsia.

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The purpose of antenatal care is monitor both baby and mother to ensure that mother delivers a healthy baby. Women are encouraged to see their own GP as soon as they think they are pregnant. The team is; midwife, doctor, health visitor and obstetrician.
First 12 weeks is the start of early antenatal care and the midwife will take blood and urine samples and gather information of the parents' health. Initial paperwork is completed and recognition of differences and personal preferences will be made. EG female doctor or home birth.