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A collection of matter; incoherent particles, parts, or objects regarded as forming one body.

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1.) the SI unit for mass is kilograms
2.) An object's mass can determine the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies.

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Degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume.

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1.) The equation for finding density is p = m/v
2.) Density is commonly expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre.

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the amount of space that a substance or object occupies.

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1.) a student might use a graduated cylinder to measure volume of a chemical solution in millilitres.
2.) Gases are commonly sold in units of volume, such as cubic centimetres, cm³, or cubic liters.

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the gravitational force on an object

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1.)  SI base units: kg⋅m⋅s−2
2.) formula W = mg,

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the number of protons in an atom

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1.) carbon's atomic number (Z) is 6 because it has 6 protons
2.) all hydrogen atoms, and only hydrogen atoms, contain one proton and have an atomic number of 1

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the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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1.) mass number of sodium is 23 g/mol.
2.) atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Thus, its mass number is 12.

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the weight of an atom's isotopes

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1.) Although the SI unit of mass is kilogram, the atomic mass is often expressed in the non-SI unit dalton where 1 dalton is defined as ​¹⁄₁₂ of the mass of a single carbon-12 atom, at rest.
2.) the atomic mass of a helium atom is four daltons

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matter that makes up protons and neutrons

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1.) discovered in 1968
2.) Interactions: electromagnetism, gravitational, strong, weak

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a 12th of the mass of an atom

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1.) one atom of helium-4 has a mass of 4.0026 amu
2.) An atom of sulfur-32 has a mass of 31.972 amu

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area around the nucleus where electrons are found

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1.) around nucleus
2.) purposed by Erwin Schrodinger

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a particle with a positive charge in an atom

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1.) located in the nucleus
2.) sum of protons, also known as the atomic number

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a particle with a neutral charge in an atom

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Learn more about the benefits of AWS education and explore our course catalog to help you achieve your career goals.

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1.) located in the nucleus
2.) sum of neutron and proton make the atomic mass

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a particle with a negative charge in an atom

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the smallest part of an element

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1.) located in the electron cloud around the nucleus
2.) mass = 0amu

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the center of an atom, made up of neutrons and electrons

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1.) A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core.
2.) DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell

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an atom with different numbers of neutrons, nut same number of protons.

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1.) Carbon-14. A naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon having six protons and eight neutrons in the nucleus
2.) uranium-235 and uranium-239 are two different isotopes of the element uranium.

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shape that is stable and has a definite volume

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1.) metal
2.) ice cube

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a substance that moves freely with no definite shape, but a certain, constant volume

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1.) soda
2.) water

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a substance that flows and moves freely and has no definite shape or volume.

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1.) oxygen
2.) water vapor

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ionized gas

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1.) lightning
2.) stars

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characteristics of a substance that become evident after a chemical reaction, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

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1.) toxicity
2.) flammability

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characteristics of a substance that don't change its identity; properties that can be measured or observed.

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1.) smell
2.) touch

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a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance:

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1.) burning wood
2.) rust

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changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. they are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.

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1.) ice melting
2.) chopping wood

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a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

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1.) Liquids which flow very slowly, like glycerin or honey, have high viscosities
2.) viscous liquids are oils, honey, glycerin, tar and sulfuric acid

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states that the average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to absolute temperature only.

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1.) founded by James Clerk Maxwell
2.) explains the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy

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temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.

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1.) water's melting point is 32 degrees F
2.) oxygen's melting point is -219 degrees C

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the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure.

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1.) most common example is solid ice turning into liquid water
2.) water has a high heat of fusion, or the heat you need to remove to solidify (aka freeze) it.

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temperature at which the pressure exerted by the surroundings upon a liquid is equaled by the pressure exerted by the vapor of the liquid

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1.) water's boiling point is 212 degrees F
2.) oxygen's boiling point is −183.0 °C

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the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid.

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1.) water has a high heat of vaporization, the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to a gas at constant temperature
2.)  formula q = m·ΔHv in which q = heat energy, m = mass, and ΔHv = heat of vaporization

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where a substance changes directly from solid to gas without going through the liquid state of matter

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1.) dry ice
2.) Moth balls sublime

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the tendency of matter to change in shape, volume, and area in response to a change in temperature. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. The kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance increases when the substance is heated.

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1.) Cracks in the road when the road expands on heating.

2.) Windows of metal-framed need rubber spacers to avoid thermal expansion.

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1.) An adult is made up of around 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (7 octillion) atoms
2.) Scientists estimate there are 10 ⁸⁰ atoms in the universe