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Ariba dhanse
S20007
Sepia(genus)

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Mollusca
Class:Cephalopoda
Order:sepiida
Family:sepiidae
Genus:Sepia.

Cuttlefish have large, W-shaped pupils, eight arms, and two tentacles furnished with denticulated suckers, with which they secure their prey. They generally range in size from 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in), with the largest species, Sepia apama, reaching 50 cm (20 in) in mantle length and over 10.5 kg (23 lb) in mass.

Cuttlefish eat small molluscs, crabs, shrimp, fish, octopus, worms, and other cuttlefish. Their predators include dolphins, sharks, fish, seals, seabirds, and other cuttlefish. The average life expectancy of a cuttlefish is about 1–2 years. Studies are said to indicate cuttlefish to be among the most intelligent invertebrates.Cuttlefish also have one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of all invertebrates.

The "cuttle" in cuttlefish comes from the Old English name for the species, cudele, which may be cognate with the Old Norse koddi (cushion) and the Middle Low German Kudel (rag).The Greco-Roman world valued the cuttlefish as a source of the unique brown pigment the creature releases from its siphon when it is alarme.

Nervous system of sepia.

THE nervous system is highly developed in Sepia. The cerebral, pedal, pleural and visceral ganglia are large in size and are closely aggregated around the oesophagus by shortening of their connectives (Fig. ... Another pair of nerves emerging from the cerebral ganglia are connected with the superior buccal ganglia.
Sepia physical description.

Sepia officinalis measures up to 45 cm in mantle length, ranging from 30 cm in subtropic areas to 49 cm in temperate areas. Weights are between 2 kg (subtropic areas) and 4 kg (temperate areas). The largest recorded individual reached a mantle length of 60 cm. European cuttlefish have large eyes and a mouth with beak like jaws located at the base of the mantle. The mantle houses reproductive and digestive organs, as well an internal shell called the cuttlebone. The cuttlebone shape is oblong with a rounded posterior end and an anterior end that tapers to a point.

The body of S. officianalis is broad and dorso-ventrally flattened, having an oval shaped cross section. A pair of flat, wide fins runs the length of the mantle. The mouth is surrounded by eight arms and two longer tentacles, all equipped with suckers. Mature Sepia officinalis exhibit a zebra stripe pattern on the dorsal surface of their mantles during breeding season. Adult males are distinguished by white and black zebra bands on their fourth arm, as well as white arm spots. Sepia officinalis is able to change the color and even texture of its skin using structures called chromatophores, leucophores, and iridophores. These structures function to camouflage this species to its variable surrounding. Sepia officinalis has separate male and female sexes. In the spring and summer, male and females migrate to shallow, warmer waters to spawn. They exhibit elaborate courtships, wherein males attract females through spectacular displays of colored bands passing rapidly along their bodies. Males then hold their arms stiffly in a basket formation to show their virility. Similarly, females display a uniform gray color when ready to mate. Mate guarding, in which males aggressively fight over and guard their females, is also common.

Mating Systempolygynous
Mating in Sepia officinalis involves internal fertilization. The male deposits spermaphores into the female’s buccal membrane using a hectocotylized arm (tentacle arm used as intromittent organ). Males carry as many as 1400 spermatophores, while females carry somewhere between 150 and 4000 eggs, depending on body size. Sepia officinalis reaches sexual maturity at 14 to 18 months of age. Females can lay eggs several times at the ends of their lives. However, after spawning both male and females die.

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Ariba dhanse
S20007
Featherstar.

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Echinodermata
Class:Crinoidea
Subclass:Articulata

Crinoidea are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea, one of the classes of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes the starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Those crinoids which, in their adult form, are attached to the sea bottom by a stalk are commonly called sea lilies, while the unstalked forms are called feather stars or comatulids, being members of the largest crinoid order, Comatulida.

Charectarsticks of featherstar

Charectarsticks of featherstars have five pairs of long and slender, feather-like arms. They are coated with a sticky substance helping them to catch food drifting by. The anus is turned upwards and on the underside of the small central disk there are feet (cirri) used to cling to the bottom or even move around.

Nervous system of Featherstar.

Located as a cup-shaped mass in the apex of calyx and give rise to five brachial nerves running into the arms and pinnules, innervating cirri, arms and pinnules. Feather stars do not have a central nervous system. Their behaviour are controlled purely by series of local reflexes 6 .

many other species, the anus of H. crenulata is raised above their body plane on the structure called anal cone2 , probably to prevent fouling. Hydropores, openings leading to ciliated canals, can also be found on the tegmen, where they serve as the entrance for water supplied to the water vascular system2 . On the tegmen, you can also see five radiating rows of ambulacral grooves that further branch out and run into all the branching arms and end in pinnules2 . Each groove is lined with tiny cilia at the center, accompanied by rows of tube feet (see later section) on the side2 . These are components that are essential for their feeding3