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- Good for understanding, exploring, and addressing SDOH at many levels.
- Allows us to move beyond the individual and more towards the community and environment that influence health outcomes

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- Multiple levels are addressed which can be costly and timely
- some may be in denial and believe they are not at risk of a problem

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Healthy people 2020
- Initiative that sets national objectives each decade to help monitor and improve the health of the US
- Looks at evidence-based and promising approaches to address SDOH like economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare access, the neighborhood and built environment
- within each domain, important SDOH are identified

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- The social-ecological approach is useful for understanding human behavior and behavior patterns

- It helps researchers understand the drivers of health decisions and how these can be modified on all levels (individual, interpersonal, organizational, societal, policy level)

- Understanding and creating better community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches

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- Little to no motivation for environmental change
- Limited disease scope
- Individuals may be adamant about change or may not believe that they have a problem

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Interpersonal

Social Networks - Diabetics on social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram)

Culture - Culturally-competent healthcare programs for low SES neighborhoods

Individual

Motivation to improve health status (QoL)

Programs designed to increase diabetes knowledge

Community

Healthcare services for marginalized communities (low SES status)

Healthcare services for pregnant women or women wanting to have children (family planning)

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I question if the community outcomes can be generalized

The model does not work well with issues/illnesses that can't be prevented

It might not work well with communities in denial of the problem/illness

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COVID19 Vaccination Decision:

Social Ecological Model factors influence our daily decisions, and ultimately influence our health. During the pandemic the decision to receive the vaccine is influenced by:

Our personal beliefs (Individual)

Whether trusted family members or friends have chosen to take it (Interpersonal)

The work environment we encounter as teachers, nurses, physicians, or other fields (institutions and Organizations)

Advocacy from the organizations we’re a part of (Community), or

Our confidence and trust in the federal government (Structures and Systems)

Reference: How the Social Ecological Model Influences Health Outcomes - KARNA LLC

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Can be used to identify and implement strategies for prevention.

Addresses the complex interplay between individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal factors.

Allows us to address the factors that put people at risk.

Approach is more likely to sustain prevention efforts over time than any single intervention.

Reference: PowerPoint Presentation (wa.gov)

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The WIC program (example of social support for individuals)

Section 8 Housing Program (example of expanded partnership with other sectors such as private housing owners)

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What are limitations of a social ecological approach? How would you improve? (What is missing?)

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What are limitations of a social ecological approach? How would you improve? (What is missing?)

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How is a social ecological approach helpful for community health promotion research & practice?

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How is a social ecological approach helpful for community health promotion research & practice?

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What are examples of a 'social ecological approach' (Combination of SEM+SDOH)

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What are examples of a 'social ecological approach' (Combination of SEM+SDOH)