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Clostridium tetanii causes Tetanus.

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Clostridium tetanii under a microscope. It shows the bacteria and spores.

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Spores of Clostridium tetanii bacteria are everywhere in the environment, including soil, dust, and manure. The spores develop into bacteria when they enter the body.

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Common ways the spores can get into the body include; getting dirt and saliva in wounds, burns, puncture wounds, crush injuries and injuries with dead tissues.

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The incubation period is usually between 3 and 21 days. The average is 10 days between exposure to illness.

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Symptoms include: jaw cramping, muscle spasms, muscle stiffness, difficultly swallowing, seizures, headache, fever, sweating and changes in blood pressure and heartrate.

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All mammals can get Clostridium tetanii. Cats and dogs are relatively resistant to it. Humans can get it and people aged 65 and older are at the highest risk of death from tetanus.

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A person with tetanus is treated with a variety of therapies and medications. Antibiotics are used for the bacteria. Tetanus immune globulin is used to control toxins which the bacteria has released. They also used muscle relaxers to control spasms.

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To prevent tetanus people should get the vaccination and regular boosters. Also make sure cuts or openings in the skin are kept clean and covered.

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The tetanus vaccine is called the tetanus toxoid vaccine. During childhood, five doses are recommended and a sixth is recommended in adolescence. After three doses a person is initially immune but a booster is recommended every ten years to maintain immunity.

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Tetanus is commonly called lockjaw because of the main symptom which is spasms on the jaw. 