# data[].attributes.body
"However, only 53 percent of college students who screened positive for depression or anxiety received any kind of treatment in the last year."

# data[].attributes.body
"A home life that regularly consists of emotional conflict is responsible for some of the more severe forms of depression - the ones that are least likely to respond positively to medication and other forms of treatment."

# data[].attributes.body
"The bottom line is this: there is no clear answer as to whether depression is curable because one's condition is just as unique as the individual who is suffering from it. However, while it may not be possible to cure depression, it can be treated."

# data[].attributes.body
"This is still pretty significant when compared to the rates measured for the general public, which suggests that genetics have an undeniable influence on whether a person will develop clinical depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Because twins share a high likelihood of both becoming depressed, it is believed that genetics strongly influences depression. However, because the likelihood is not close to 100 percent, the researchers have deduced that there are additional factors that can increase one's vulnerability to developing depression. Such factors can include events from one's childhood, present stressors in one's life, past trauma, medical conditions, and even exposure to certain substances."

# data[].attributes.body
"As a result, scientists believe that approximately 40 percent of those who suffer from depression may have a legitimate claim that genetics are responsible for their condition. The other 60 percent developed depression because of environmental and other factors. Further, those who have parents or siblings who suffer from depression are up to three times more likely to develop depression themselves."

# data[].attributes.body
"Those related to someone who suffers from depression are five times more likely to develop the condition themselves."

# data[].attributes.body
"Strong feelings of stress, confusion, fear, and uncertainty, as well as pressure to succeed, and the ability to think about things in new ways, influence a teenager's problem-solving and decision making abilities."

# data[].attributes.body
"For some teenagers, normal developmental changes, when compounded by other events or changes in their families, such as divorce or moving to a new community, changes in friendships, difficulties in school, or other losses, can be very upsetting and can become overwhelming."

# data[].attributes.body
"Suicidal behavior is defined as a preoccupation or act that is focused on causing one's own death voluntarily."

# data[].attributes.body
"Between 80 percent and 90 percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment."

# data[].attributes.body
"Environmental factors: Continuous exposure to violence, neglect, abuse or poverty may make some people more vulnerable to depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Personality: People with low self-esteem, who are easily overwhelmed by stress, or who are generally pessimistic appear to be more likely to experience depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Genetics: Depression can run in families. For example, if one identical twin has depression, the other has a 70 percent chance of having the illness sometime in life."

# data[].attributes.body
"Biochemistry: Differences in certain chemicals in the brain may contribute to symptoms of depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"...being sad is not the same as having depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults (6.7%) in any given year. And one in six people (16.6%) will experience depression at some time in their life."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act."

# data[].attributes.body
"Suicide is the third leading cause of death for school-aged children over 10 years old, and the second leading cause (behind accidents and ahead of homicides) for those over 15."

# data[].attributes.body
"Those data revealed that the average monthly number of emergency mental health intakes for school-aged children declined from 185 in May (the last full month of school), to 102 in June (the month in which school lets out), and then down to 74 and 66, respectively, in July and August (the full months of freedom from school).  In September the rate started its climb back up again."

# data[].attributes.body
"In other words, the rate of emergency psychiatric visits was more than twice as high during school weeks as it was during non-school weeks."

# data[].attributes.body
"In another, more recent study, Gregory Plemmons and his colleagues (2018), found that the rate of hospitalization of school-aged children for suicidal ideation and attempts increased dramatically—by nearly 300%--over the seven years of their study, from 2008 to 2015, and each year the rate of such hospitalizations was significantly higher in the school months than in the summer."

# data[].attributes.body
"For boys, the suicide rate was, on average, 95% higher during the school months than during summer vacation; for girls, it was only 33% higher."

# data[].attributes.body
"One finding that bears repeating comes from a large survey conducted a few years ago by the American Psychological Association, which revealed that teenagers are the most stressed, anxious people in America; that 83% of them cite school as a cause of their stress; and that, during the school year, 27% of them reported experiencing “extreme stress” compared to 13% reporting that during the summer."

# data[].attributes.body
"I have presented evidence that children, especially teenagers, are less happy in school than in any other setting where they regularly find themselves and that increased schooling, coupled with decreased freedom outside of school, correlates, over decades, with sharply increased rates of psychiatric disorders in young people, including major depression and anxiety disorders."

# data[].attributes.body
"Hansen and Lang also found that the school-year increase in teen suicide rate held only for those of school age.  For 18-year-olds, most of whom would be finished with high school, the increase was barely present, and for 19- and 20-year-olds it had vanished."

# data[].attributes.body
"But now we have school, expanded to such a degree that is it equivalent to a full-time job—a psychologically stressful, sedentary full-time job, for which the child is not paid and does not gain the sense of independence and pride that can come from a real job."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression is a key risk factor for suicide; others include psychiatric disorders, substance use, chronic pain, a family history of suicide, and a prior suicide attempt."

# data[].attributes.body
"More than 45,000 people in the U.S. killed themselves in 2016, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, making it the 10th leading cause of death overall."

# data[].attributes.body
"It doesn't help when there are growing pressures in modern-day living. There is an emphasis on early childhood achievement at the expense of free play, a cultural shift away from direct social contact toward electronic connection, and a focus on material wealth at the expense of rich experiences and social contact."

# data[].attributes.body
"Suicidal thoughts often coincide with depressive episodes, which is why it's important to be aware of the signs if you or a loved one experiences any prolonged mood disturbance."

# data[].attributes.body
"Some types of depression tend to run in families, suggesting there may be some genetic vulnerability to the disorder."

# data[].attributes.body
"Decreased energy, fatigue, or a sense of being "slowed down" are also common, as are restlessness, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Many with depression have thoughts of death or suicide."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression is an illness that increasingly afflicts people worldwide, interfering with concentration, motivation, and many other aspects of everyday functioning."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression often involves persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness or pessimism, and feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness. It can also involve loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed..."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression is often accompanied by anxiety. Research indicates that not only do the two condition co-occur but that they overlap in genetic vulnerability patterns."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression is increasingly common in children."

# data[].attributes.body
"The month with the highest rate of children’s mental health ER visits is May, and May is generally a beautiful month, weather-wise, in Connecticut, but it may well be the toughest month of school.  May is the month of final tests, due dates for papers, and the crunch to make it through the rest of the curriculum."

# data[].attributes.body
"In fact, the average number of visits for those two months combined (70 per month) is less than half of the average during the full school months (142 visits per month for the nine months excluding June, July and August)."

# data[].attributes.body
"Including homework, the hours are often more than those that their parents put into their full-time jobs, and freedom of movement for children at school is far less than that for their parents at work."

# data[].attributes.body
"Young people learn far more, far better, with much less stress (and at less public expense) when they are allowed to learn in their own natural ways..."

# data[].attributes.body
"There is no single known cause of depression. Rather, it likely results from a combination of genetic, biologic, environmental, and psychological factors. Major negative experiences—trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or any stressful situation that overwhelms the ability to cope—may trigger a depressive episode."

# data[].attributes.body
"Suicide often stems from a deep feeling of hopelessness. The inability to to see solutions to problems or to cope with challenging life circumstances may lead people to see suicide as the only option to what is really a temporary situation."

# data[].attributes.body
"The rate of suicide rose in 44 states between 1999 and 2016, with half of states reporting an increase of greater than 30 percent."

# data[].attributes.body
"Teen depression doesn’t have to mean a lifetime of struggle, and it certainly doesn’t have to end in suicide."

# data[].attributes.body
"'Teens think they are invincible, so when they feel psychological pain, they are more apt to feel overwhelmed by hopelessness and the belief that they have no control over their lives.' Jurich calls these feelings of hopelessness and helplessness 'the Molotov cocktail that triggers teen suicide.'"

# data[].attributes.body
"A new study led by Jean Twenge, a San Diego State University psychology professor, finds that five times as many high school and college students are dealing with anxiety and other mental health issues as youth of the same age did that were surveyed back during the era of the Great Depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"About 20 percent of all teens experience depression before they reach adulthood."

# data[].attributes.body
"Teens with a family history of depression or mental illness. Between 20 to 50 percent of teens suffering from depression have a family member with depression or some other mental disorder."

# data[].attributes.body
"Suicide is the third-leading cause of death for young people ages 15 to 24."

# data[].attributes.body
"While no one can explain exactly why, many experts say adolescents and teens today probably face more pressures at home or school, worry about financial issues for their families, and use more alcohol and drugs."

# data[].attributes.body
"Every 100 minutes a teen takes their own life."

# data[].attributes.body
"At least 10% of people in the U.S. will experience major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Two times as many women as men experience major depression."

# data[].attributes.body
“'This is a very dangerous time for our young people,' Kathy Harms, a staff psychologist at Kansas City’s Crittenton Children’s Center, told the Portland Press Herald. 'We’re seeing more anxiety and depression in children of all ages.'"

# data[].attributes.body
"Children's success in their educational endeavors and their general socioemotional adjustment are influenced by a variety of personal characteristics and environmental experiences."

# data[].attributes.body
"This could mean that in most cases of depression, around 50% of the cause is genetic, and around 50% is unrelated to genes (psychological or physical factors)."

# data[].attributes.body
"In particular, experiencing a stable and supportive environment during childhood is likely to foster healthy cognitive, social, and emotional development, whereas experiencing a disruptive or stressful environment has been linked to a wide range of adverse mental health outcomes, including depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Heritability is probably 40-50%, and might be higher for severe depression."

# data[].attributes.body
"Unpredictable or disruptive environments may undermine children's sense of control and mastery, leading to a sense of helplessness or hopelessness that acts as a precursor to depression. For example, Rudolph and colleagues demonstrated in 2001 that family disruption, as well as exposure to chronic stressful circumstances within the family, peer, and school settings, predicted decreases in perceptions of control and increases in helpless behavior in academic and social situations."

# data[].attributes.body
"Theory and empirical research have implicated stress as a critical risk factor for depression during childhood and adolescence. Stress may take the form of an accumulation of minor daily hassles, more severe chronic strains, or specific negative life events."

# data[].attributes.body
"For example, research has shown that school transitions, which often are characterized by many social and academic stressors, have negative effects on academic motivation, performance, and school engagement, as well as on emotional well-being."

# data[].attributes.body
"Stress within the school environment may exert specific influences on children's academic-related beliefs, self-perceptions, and goals, and, consequently, on emotional well-being at school. As reviewed by Robert Roeser and Jacquelynne Eccles in 2000, classroom-level and school-level stressors involving instructional practices, emotional climate, and teachers' goals and behavior influence children's subjective perceptions of school, which then determine academic and emotional adjustment."

# data[].attributes.body
"In particular, Karen Rudolph and colleagues demonstrated in 2001 that the experience of school-related stress (such as poor academic performance, negative feedback from parents and teachers about school work, and daily hassles in the school environment) leads to increases in depression in the context of a transition into middle school."

# data[].attributes.body
"Stress and the accompanying emotional distress may then interfere with some of the major tasks of childhood, such as academic achievement and fulfillment of educational goals."

# data[].attributes.body
"Third, stressful circumstances outside of school may lead children to place less of a priority on educational goals, thereby undermining school investment."

# data[].attributes.body
"Finally, if stress originates within the family setting, it is likely that family members have less availability and lower levels of school involvement, which would diminish emotional and instrumental support necessary for educational success."

# data[].attributes.body
"Stressful experiences and emotional difficulties are therefore likely to undermine a variety of school-related competencies, including academic motivation and school engagement, goal orientation, scholastic performance, and school conduct."

# data[].attributes.body
"Second, exposure to high levels of stress may divert coping resources away from efforts to deal with the challenges of school. This lack of resources may lead adolescents to feel overwhelmed, and create a sense of helplessness that results in disengagement from school."

# data[].attributes.body
"The symptoms and accompanying features of depression themselves may have a negative impact on academic achievement and motivation. For example, concentration difficulties, a lack of interest and energy, and withdrawal are likely to undermine performance and engagement at school."

# data[].attributes.body
"First, dealing with stress in other areas of their lives may interfere directly with children's performance at school by depleting the amount of time, energy, and focused attention available for academic tasks and school involvement, such as completing homework or engaging in after-school activities."

# data[].attributes.body
"For example, both depression and academic impairment are linked to behavior problems and attentional deficits. In fact, research has suggested that depression may be most strongly associated with academic stress, failure, and school conduct problems when it cooccurs... with acting-out behavior or attentional deficits."

# data[].attributes.body
"Finally, depression may induce negative beliefs about one's competence and a sense of helplessness, leading to a lack of persistence in academic tasks. Indeed, Carol Dweck and colleagues described in 1988 a profile of "learned helplessness" in achievement contexts, characterized by an avoidance of challenge, lack of persistence in the face of failure, excessive concerns about competence, ineffective learning strategies, maladaptive attributions about failure, and negative emotions."

# data[].attributes.body
"One representative program, developed by Martin Seligman and colleagues, was designed to prevent severe depression in at-risk children–that is, children with elevated levels of depressive symptoms and exposure to family stress–as well as to remediate performance deficits in these children, such as lowered academic achievement and behavior problems. The program emphasized teaching children strategies to cope with stressful events and negative emotions, enhancing children's sense of mastery and competence, and modifying distortions in the ways that children viewed themselves and their surroundings. An extensive evaluation revealed that the program successfully decreased children's level of depressive symptoms and behavior problems."

# data[].attributes.body
"In fact, teachers may feel over-whelmed by the emotional difficulties of their students, leading to low levels of perceived self-efficacy and less than optimal teaching performance."

# data[].attributes.body
"Sadly, suicide rates for people aged 15-24 rose 44 percent from 2010 to 2017."

# data[].attributes.body
"According to the 2017-2018 Healthy Minds Study, 37 percent of college students screened positive for depression, nearly double the rate in 2014-2015."

# data[].attributes.body
"Depression has been linked to a range of negative school-related outcomes, including poor grades, a lack of persistence in the face of academic challenges, and decreased classroom participation. These effects may range from short-term declines in academic performance to long-term problematic school outcomes."

# data[].attributes.body
"The large majority of depressed students recover. With therapy, medication, or a combination of both, they continue in school."

# data[].attributes.body
"In fact, the Healthy Minds Study showed that 47 percent of college students agree with the statement: 'Most people would think less of someone who has received mental health treatment.'"

# data[].attributes.body
"At some schools, therapy and psychiatry treatment is provided on a short-term basis. Students may be referred off campus but face financial and transportation challenges in accessing care."