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Greece has warm and dry summers. In July and August, temperatures can become up to 30 to 35 degrees celsius, but rarely, more than 40 degrees celsius. In the course of the summer, you should wear light items of clothing such as a light scarf and a sweater for the afternoon. In mountainous areas it is best to bring a sweater, a jacket, and a raincoat. It has subtle and wet winters. The upper part of Greece can be quite cold. In addition, snow is normal, and it is also anticipated. Islands and southern Greece experience lighter winters, and may  have snow. In the winter and in mountainous locations, you should bring and wear clothing that will keep you warm, such as a down jacket, a hat, gloves, and a scarf. In the central and northern areas you should wear clothing such as sweaters, jackets, a raincoat, and an umbrella, too! The springs are enjoyable and sunny. More precipitation takes place in northern Greece, as well as the mountains. Typical northern rainfall would range between 50 to 121 centimeters. (20 to 48 inches), whereas in the south it would be about 38 to 81 centimeters (15 to 32 inches).

The following visual, taken in 2018, shows the different types of Koppen climates Greece experiences, such as humidity, oceanic, and subarctic; Koppen is a climate classification system that is based off of the monthly and annual typical temperatures and rainfall. Not only does it show this, but in the first two pictures, you can see a significant change in the appearance of the Greek houses. It is clearly seen that one was in summer, whereas the other in winter. Overall, Greece does experience all seasons, nevertheless, none of them are severe. Certain areas may encounter more snow than others, and others less. In addition, the rainfall of southern Greece is a smaller amount than northern Greece.

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Greece is surrounded by the Ionian, Mediterranean, and Aegean seas. This means that in any location in Greece, you are approximately 85 miles away from the sea. It is bordered by 4 countries; Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey, and has 13 regions; Thrace, Thessaly, Epirus, Central Greece, the Ionian Islands, Crete, and so on. There is one mountain chain that is mainly part of Bulgaria called Rhodopes, while the rest is in Greece. The other chain is called Pindus, which is in southern Albania and Greece. Astonishingly, it has about 2,000 islands, only 220 people occupy, and furthermore, 4,000 smaller islands, and sea rocks.  Athens, one of the most ancient capitals in the world, holds 40% of Greece’s population. Even so, the largest cities are Thessaloniki and Patras. Unfortunately, most of the rivers in Greece cannot be navigated by large boats, since they are very shallow. This prevents tourism.

The first picture of this collage shows a Greek map. It includes the capitals of the regions in Greece, such as Thessaloniki, Ioannina, Lamia, Patras, and Tripoli. The Ionian Islands and Sea, Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea can also be seen.  In the second image, the Thyamis river is spotted. The Thyamis river is found in Epirus, and is about 115 kilometers long. Altogether, Greece has many regions with many more islands. Much of Greece is mainly mountainous. The highest point is the famous Mount Olympus, home of the Greek gods.

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About 98% of the population of Greece are traditional Christians. Just about over 1% are Muslims. There is also a small amount of Jews, and Roman Catholics. Most of the Greek immigrant population is Roman Catholic or Muslim. Jewish groups can be located in Thessaloniki and Athens. Traditional Christianity involves an amount of daily rituals, such as the Twelve Great Feasts. Before the Twelve Great Feasts take place, Easter and the Holy Week come before it. Approximately 20 to 25% of the Greek population are present in these daily events. Moreover, if they do participate, it is often on holidays, annual services, or other special events. Elder people usually attend church more than the younger ones, though women go more frequently than men.

There are also certain rituals that include the predominant situations that happen in life - for instance, weddings and baptisms. Multiple people put religious practice in their lives by lighting a candle when they are going to meditate or pray, or crossing themselves whenever they pass a church. Larger Orthodox Christian churches are repeatedly built with a carved cross. All of these churches have an icon screen - visual painted representations of saints that are meant to symbolize holiness - that separates where the church attendees make wine and communion bread holy. Icon screens can also be found in homes. Holy oils are placed here as well.

In this collage, you can see a ritual is occurring, and you can also see a Hellenistic church. The ritual is being performed by members of the YSEE community. The Hellenistic church has an icon screen, which was mentioned before. Like many churches, it also has designs on the walls. Most of the Greek population is Orthodox Christian, resulting in many churches being built. These churches include holy oils, icon screens, and paintings of saints.

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There are two principal holidays that Greeks celebrate; The Three Holy Hierarchs, Orthodox Easter Sunday, and another that many people didn't know originated in Greece; Valentines Day. The Three Holy Hierarchs are celebrated on January 30th. Basil the Great, Saint Gregory the Theologian,  and Saint John Chrysostom represent the Three Holy Hierarchs. These three were bishops who were part of the creation of theology in Christianity. They also began Greek education and literature. This year, Orthodox Easter Sunday is celebrated on April 28th. Easter is a family celebration. It is the most notable time in Greek traditional churches. For these churches, it is a celebration of the death of Christ. Additionally, it marks the point of changing seasons and the arrival of spring. To celebrate, Greeks eat foods such as Tsoureki bread, boiled dyed red eggs, potatoes, salads, meat - lamb to be more specific, and magiritsa. Before midnight, many people go to the churches. Afterwards, when midnight comes, people start letting off fireworks. The priests also light a candle, portraying Jesus’ forever flame. Everyone else also lights their own candle with the priests’. Once they get to their homes, they create a black cross on their house with the candle they lit at the church and they bless themselves. Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14th. Emperor Claudius II had prohibited marriage due to his belief that married men were to become bad soldiers. Thinking that this was unfair, Saint Valentine disobeyed Claudius’ rule and organized unknown marriages. Eventually, Claudius discovered this and put Valentine in jail, giving him a death sentence as well. There, Valentine fell in love with the jailer’s daughter. Before he died, on February 14th, he sent her a love letter where he signed it as “from your Valentine”. As part of the celebration, Romans held a festival called Lupercalia during the middle of February; the start of their spring. Soon, instead of it being a festival, they turned it into a Christian celebration. Now, throughout this day, red roses and gifts are given, and formal dinners take place as well.

The first image in this collage shows Basil the Great, Saint Gregory, and Saint John, the Three Holy Hierarchs. The second image shows the celebration of Orthodox Easter Sunday. You can clearly see that the priest has already lit the first candle, and the participants of the church procedures have followed. The majority of Greece being Orthodox Christian, they celebrate many religious holidays, such as Orthodox Easter Sunday, and The Three Holy Hierarchs. Besides this, many daily rituals arise.

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The vending machine, Archimedes' screw, and the Olympic games still exist today due to Greece. The first vending machine was created by Hero of Alexandria, a mathematician and engineer. With this invention, you were to put coins in it. When the coin was put in the machine, if fell on a pan connected to a bar on a pivot. This lever then opened. Afterwards, a certain amount of holy water was distributed. Archimedes' screw was invented by Archimedes, a greek mathematician, engineer, physicist, astronomer, and inventor. His screw was a logical way to move water up anything that had a high elevation - for example, a hill. Furthermore, it could also be used to carry solid substances. The year that the screw was invented is unknown. Beginning around 2,700 years ago, the ancient Olympic Games were typically created to celebrate Zeus, the Greek lightning god. Every four years, approximately 50,000 people attended this event. In the beginning, the Olympics were held for one day, however, in 684 BC, it turned into three days. Contests such as races, discus, wrestling, boxing, horse and chariot races, were added as well. These ancient Olympics had far less events than today’s Olympics, and only Greek men were allowed to participate.

This collage consists of Archimedes’ Screw, Hero of Alexandria’s vending machine, and the Nemea Stadium - the running event was betided here. The visual representation of this important stadion stadium is shown as what it looks like today.  All-inclusive, Greece invented things that we still  use and participate in today. They ARE more modern, but that only means that other people took these ideas and made adjustments that they thought fit best.

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Algebra first started out in Greece. Diophantus, a Greek mathematician and author, wrote a book series called Arithmetica; they were written in the third century. All in all, the texts in each of the books were about algebraic equations. When algebra is recognized with the theory of equations, Diophantus is ascribed as the “father of algebra”. Another topic that still affects our lives that Greece designed is democracy. To be more specific, the idea of democracy started out in ancient Athens at around the time of 508 BC. It is said that the Athenian leader, Cleisthenes, established the method of demokratia; “demo” being “the people” and “kratos” being “power”. This type of democracy involved three different centers. The first one was called ekklesia, the ruling body of government. The second one was named boule. Boule was a board of spokespeople from ten Athenian tribes. The final institution was dikasteria, where residents would argue cases upon a group of judges. An additional subject that Greece came up with was medicine.
Unluckily, diseases were a large issue that the ancient Greeks had come across. About one out of three babies died before they became 2 years old. Half of most children died before they were 10. People who did  manage to grow up died in their fifties or even forties. At around this time, Greek doctors thought that demons were to be held accountable for all of these diseases, and that gods like the son of Apollo, Asclepius, would cure them by offering and praying. Usually, people bought models of the parts of their bodies that they wanted Asclepius cure to his shrine.

In the democracy picture, it is showing the start of an assembly. Any male resident could join. In the assembly, they would converse about laws and elect certain ones. In the medicine picture, Greeks are sacrificing a sheep to Asclepius. Finally, the third image shows Diophantus’ Arithmetica book. That particular volume of the book was written in 1670. Taking everything into account, ancient Greeks are responsible for some of the key parts of our lives. Subjects such as philosophy, science, democracy, medicine, and algebra that were created by the Greeks still impact our lives today! Of course, they have been altered to help and fit us more appropriately.

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The Greek legislative branch holds 300 seats. Each of these members are part of the legislative branch for 4 years.  288 out of these 300 seats are set based on a body of voters, whereas the unsettled seats are determined by the several political parties of the country. The process of electing seats in the legislative branch is called proportional representation. The judicial branch consists of the Special Supreme Tribunal and the Supreme Judicial Court. This legal structure is separated into the criminal, administrative, and civil courts. Three Supreme courts exist in the judicial branch, them being the Court of Cassation, the Council of State, and the Chamber of Accounts/the Court of Auditors. The presidents and vice presidents of these Supreme Courts are chosen by the Cabinet of Greece. The executive branch is composed of the president and prime minister in Greece. The president of Greece is Prokopis Pavlopoulos. His term started on March 15th, 2015. The president’s term is 5 years, and he can be re-elected after the first term. The prime minister is Kyriakos Mitsotakis. He’s been serving since July 8th, 2019. The president must determine who the prime minister is, however, it is required of the president to choose whoever the larger part of Parliament picked. Often, the person who is the leader of the majority of seats is selected. Elections take place minimally every 4 years. A voting law is that Greeks have the ability to start to vote at the age of 18. It is not necessary that you vote. Historically, the percentage of legal voters has been high. At least three-quarters of the Greek population engage in the elections, nevertheless, the latest elections have not experienced high amounts of allowed voters. The Greek elections have been thought of as fair, especially since the past absolute rulers have plummeted.

Images of a Greek government chart, Prokopis, and Kyriakos are shown in this collage. In the chart, you can perceive that the executive branch consists of the president and the prime minister, that the legislative branch contains 300 members, and the judicial branch is made up of the civil, criminal, and administrative courts. The Greek government is slightly different than the American government. For instance, the Greek president’s term lasts for 5 years, whilst the United States president’s term is for 4 years. However, they are very similar at the same time. The Greek voting age is 18, same as the United States voting age.

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Significant prohibitions such as smoking in indoor public places, weapons, and drugs in Greece are strongly enforced. Smoking is a very deficient custom of Greece, causing tourists to become irritated. Until not long ago, smoking was practically allowed everywhere, excluding closed public spaces; these areas often had specific places for smokers and non-smokers. A law enforced in July of 2009 banned smoking in any indoor location and requested that differences be made in clubs and restaurants to differentiate smoking and non-smoking sites. Nearly 50% of the population of Greece smokes, so it is out of the question to be able to avoid it. The purchase or sale of drugs in Greece are sternly banned. The country is one of the strictest in Europe when dealing with drugs. You are forbidden to use light drugs, such as marijuana. Ownership of small amounts can result in lengthy jail time. Acquiring pepper spray, brass knuckles, or knives with a length of 10 centimeters or above is considered insulting in Greece. These examples are thought of as weapons and full under today’s weapon possession law. In order to buy these things legally, you must have a certain license that you receive from the local police. Furthermore, if you cannot or do not obtain this license, arrest and charges will take place.

Visuals of drugs, a weapon, and a “No Smoking” sign are included in this collage. As mentioned before, drugs are strictly prohibited, and using them would result in jail. The reason there is a “No Smoking” symbol is because smoking in an indoor location is illegal in Greece. Knives like the one incorporated in the collage is also something that is illegal in Greece.

Greece is very strict on its laws. Of course, if one of them arises, the user will be put in jail.

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Exports in Greece include food and drinks, chemicals, textiles, and raw materials. Imports comprise fuels, chemicals, (and similar to exports) textiles and raw materials. Industries are tourism, food processing, tobacco processing, mining, and metal products.

This collage consists of one export and an industry of Greece; textiles and metal products. The chart shows the energy use of Greeks. In it, you can see that Greeks use 54% oil, 9% gas, and 25% coal. Comprehensively, Greece has many exports, imports, and industries.

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Greece has a strong trade cooperation with other European Union countries, and is currently creating partnerships with the Black Sea and Eastern European countries. In 2017, Greece had many exporting partners. Some of them are:

10.6% with Italy

7.1% with Germany

6.8% with Turkey

6.5% with Cyprus

4.9% with Bulgaria

4.3% with Lebanon

Importing partnerships consist of:

10.4% with Germany

8.2% with Italy

6.8% with Russia

6.3% with Iraq

6.1% with Korea

5.4% with China

5.3% with Netherlands

4.3% with France

This distinct bar graph entirely shows Greece’s partnerships, which were mentioned before. Greece has several importing and exporting partners. Although the connection between some of them isn’t strong, there is at least a communication.

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Greece not only invented many of today's school topics, but they also developed theatre and a peculiar art form. Greek art - for instance, sculptures and architecture - greatly impacted other cultures. The sculptures that were being created in around 300 to 800 BCE took creativity from Near Eastern and Egyptian art and over time, developed into an extraordinary perspective of this specific art category. Greek theatre began in the 6th century BCE, Athens. It started out as devastation plays in religious celebrations. This innovated the theme of Greek comedy acts. Tragedy and humorous drama in Greece became favorable, and the amount of performances taking place increased. For example, theatres in the Mediterranean started to happen.
Today, dance and music allow people to express themselves. In Greece, styles of music may vary from combining rock and rebetiko to Byzantine chants. Distinguishable genres of dance, music, and instrumentation have not yet been replaced by the well-known American and Western European music. In Greece, some of the most used instruments include the bouzouki, lauto, santouri, violin, clarinet, guitar, and the bagpipe. Liked composers such as Mikis Theodorakis and Manos Hadjidakis have much success in the music industry.

This collage is composed of Peplos Kore, a santouri, and the Theatre of Dionysus. Peplos Kore is a sculpture of a woman. It is a popular Greek piece of art that is 118 centimeters high, and is made of white marble. It was created in around 530 BC; it originally had color. The Theatre of Dionysus is a theatre located in Athens with great importance. It is considered to be the globe’s first theatre. Similar to astronomy, science, and algebra, Greece can be credited with theatre and architecture. Although ancient Greece’s form of sculpture was inspired by Egyptian art, it was renovated.

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Although there are different incomes of the Greek population, the class structure has become flexible since the initiation of the modern country. Previous beginnings of wealth and control have been prevented since the leaving of the Ottomans; in the ancient Ottoman Empire, there was a Sultan who was contemplated to be the supreme leader. There is a  small amount of upper classes in the larger cities. In ancient Greece, the social stratification was reasonably uncomplicated. You were either someone independent, a settler, or a slave. In the Greek state of Sparta, there were three significant classes - the native Spartans, who had power over politics and the army, the self-governing foreigners, who managed the trade and communication with other cities/states, and finally, the Helots, the slaves of the Spartan community. Currently, the changeability of Greek status means that the symbols of class vary. Examples can include residence in urban areas, the use of katharevousa - the modern Greek language, coherent English and French, and acquiring Western styles.

This pyramid chart had three levels: the Native Spartans being at the top, the Democratic Immigrants, and the Helots, at the bottom. The Native Spartans are at the top because they were the ones who had control over the army and politics. The democratic immigrants are in the middle because they weren’t a part of Sparta, they were just settlers who self-governed themselves and ran the trade with other cities and states. And ultimately, the Helots are at the bottom of this chart because they were slaves to the community. The modern social classes of Greece have significantly changed. Years ago in Sparta, there were determined classes. Now, in Greece, the social structure has changed in many ways.

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