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Some objects absorb light, others bounce it back in another direction. A reflector is a tool that helps a photographer to manipulate the light by providing another surface for the light to bounce off of. Reflectors are inexpensive tools that can make a big impact on your images.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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Photoshop software allows the user to build artwork in layers. Layer masking allows you to hide or use as much of any one layer as you like. ... It is a black and white image that cuts out a layer, allowing it to show though wherever the pixels are white, and holds out or hides a layer wherever the mask is black.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Note: You cannot use the Gradient tool with bitmap or indexed-color images. To fill part of the image, select the desired area.

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The smudge tool is used to smear paint on your canvas. The effect is much like finger painting. You can use thesmudge tool by clicking on the smudge icon and clicking on the canvas and while holding the mouse button down, dragging in the direction you want to smudge.

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In Photoshop CS6 the Rectangular Marquee tool creates rectangular, including square, selections. Use this tool when you want to zero in on an image, plucking it out of a larger background to provide a better focal point. ... You now have a full-fledgedrectangular selection.

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Quick Selection tool. You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly “paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows definededges in the image.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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The lasso is an editing tool available, with minor variations, in most digital image editing software. It is often accessed from the standard main menu, by clicking the icon of a dotted line shaped like a rope lasso, from which the common name arises.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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The clone tool, as it is known in Adobe Photoshop, Inkscape, GIMP, and Corel PhotoPaint, is used in digital image editing to replace information for one part of a picture with information from another part. In other image editing software, its equivalent is sometimes called a rubber stamp tool or a clone brush.

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The Patch Tool is part of the healing brush set of tools. These are the go-to tools for retouching and repairing your images. The Patch Tool is primarily used to repair larger areas of an image, or get rid of any distractions or blemishes. ... But, the Patch Tool uses selection-definedareas instead of a brush.

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image. The healing brush tool is located in thePhotoshop Toolbox, on the left side.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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By Vangie Beal In graphics and image-editing programs, the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with. As you move your cursor over the image it leaves a stroke of color.

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The paint bucket tool fills an area of an image based on color similarity. Click anywhere in the image and the paint bucket will fill an area around the pixel you clicked. ... A low tolerance means only very similar colors will be affected, a high tolerance means more pixels will be affected.

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Aspect ratio (image) ... The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height. It is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, as in 16:9.

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Crop Tool. The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image: In the Toolbox, select the Crop Tool, click on the image and draw a rectangle holding mouse's button pressed. When you release the button a bounding box appears. You can move, resize and rotate it.

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The Hand tool is more of a function than an actual tool because you rarely need to click the Hand tool to use it. Simply hold down the spacebar while using any othertool, and the cursor changes into the Hand icon, enabling you to move the image around in its window by dragging.

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The Zoom Tool is used to change the zoom level of your working image. If you only click on the image, the zoom is applied to the whole image. But you can also click-and-drag the mouse pointer to create a zoom rectangle.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly. Hence, the general method is sometimes called gray balance, neutral balance, or white balance.

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In photography the term 'saturation' describes the depth or intensity of color present within an image.Saturation is also referred to as 'chroma'; The moresaturated an image is the more colorful and vibrant it will appear, less color saturation will make an imageappear subdued or muted.

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Options bar. The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity, fade distance, blending mode). Options on the bar change depending on which tool is currently chosen, and your choices will remain in effect until you change them.

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A menu bar is a row or strip of menu items titles that, when clicked, display dropdownmenus of other items or commands. A menu bar is an integral graphical user interface (GUI) component for a variety of software applications. In Windows, a menu bar is located at the top of an application window.

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A palette is both the board on which an artist puts selected colors and also the set of colors themselves. ... (In the case of pre-created images such as photographs someone else has taken, you don't choose the colors that were captured initially, but you can control which colors are saved for transmission.)

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countable noun. A toolbar is a narrow grey strip across a computer screen containingpictures, called icons, which represent different computer functions. When you want to use a particular function, you move the cursor onto its icon using a mouse.

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a temporary digital storage area that contains related data and software files: You can create and store images in your workspace. a file or directory within this storage area: If you make changes, be sure to save your workspace.

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In photography and cinematography, a telephoto lens is a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length.

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system. Confusion between these two meanings can occur if context doesn't make the interpretation clear.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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Advanced Photo System type-C is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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A full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera is one with an image sensor format that is the same size as 35 mm format film. Historically, 35 mm was considered a small film format compared with medium format, large format and even larger.

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The size of an image taken at different resolutions

The amount of detail that the camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or "grainy."

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object. It is a way to keep your subject in focus while blurring your background. Panning is typically done on a subject moving horizontally, such as a moving car, or a running dog.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph,

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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When the sun goes down, the stars come out to play

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Post processing is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking thephoto to enhance the image. ... There are more and more camera which have come into market which can capture RAW files. Raw files has much more data at pixel level which and help in post processing and enhancing the image.

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Put simply, sepia is a form of photographic print toning – a tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones (though since it is still a monochromatic image it is still considered black and white).

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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mid-tones. Definition: That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail. * Usually represents the portion of tone reproduction in which gradations change in proportion to change in brightness. * Compare with mid-tone.

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When talking about photography the term 'shadow' is used to describe the darkest parts of an image. ... Manipulation of the lighting and exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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Custom photography is about finding someone who will photograph your family, give you devoted 1:1 attention without worry of who is next 'in line' or the feeling of a crowded portrait studio. ... Custom photographers are also known as boutique studios, offering a range of products and unparalleled service.

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A flash is a device used in photography producing aflash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene. ... Flash units are commonly built directly into a camera.

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Preset White Balance Settings

The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos. Fluorescent – This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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In photography, Tungsten light refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish colour. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting (which generates much lower heat), and strobe lighting.

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Ok, so no good for the sky, but an overcast day gives you diffused lighting photography. This means, even light is falling over your entire scene. A bright sun and well-defined clouds create strong light and powerful shadows. If you don't want those shadows yet love natural light, shoot when it's overcast.

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From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishshade1 /ʃeɪd/ ●●○ noun 1 out of sunlight [uncountable] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it a plant that needs a lot of shadein the shade (of something) She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.

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The Sunny f/16 Rule for Digital Exposure

When taking photos on a bright, sunny day, set the ISO of your camera to 100, the aperture to f/16, and the shutter to 1/100 second. Then go out and take pictures of some frontlit subjects. As long as your subject isn't white or black, the exposures should be great.

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Auto white balance is available in all digital cameras and uses a best guess algorithm within a limited range — usually between 3000/4000 K and 7000 K. Custom white balanceallows you to take a picture of a known gray reference under the same lighting, and then set that as the white balance for future photos.

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tripod or Monopod for wildlife photographers

Monopods are easier to carry when you're hiking distances over rough terrain.Monopods are essential when your target is fast moving. If you are using an extremely long lens and are photographing a stationary subject then a tripod is muchbetter.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a cameraduring shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Shutter speed is how long an image is exposed to light — it can be milliseconds, or even minutes. As one of three elements that affect how light or dark an image is (called exposure), understanding shutter speed is essential to taking full creative control of the camera.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Now your camera can only focus sharply at one point. ... In a photograph with a narrow DoF, only a small slice of the image is in focus. Conversely, with a large DoF, much more of the scene is sharp.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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In photography and digital photography, aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop. See also shutter speed.

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The f-number of an optical system is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, and an important concept in photography. It is also known as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is ashooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposuremeter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimalimage.

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the currentexposure settings. In autoexposure modes, theexposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... When set, it will automatically take several bracketed shots, rather than the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot.

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What Are Autofocus Points? Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines.

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Image metadata is text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production.

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Definition of: DSLR. DSLR. (Digital Single Lens Reflex) A digital still image camera that uses a single lens reflex (SLR) mechanism. Most professional cameras were analog single lens reflex until digital SLRs emerged in the early 1990s.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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In photography, ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used. Now, most film is labeled by ISO, which was created in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

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In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in filmphotography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. ... By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs)means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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TV mode stands for Time Value but is better known as Shutter Priority Mode. In TV mode the user specifies a shutter speed, while the camera adjusts the aperture size to correctly expose the image.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured.

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Manual mode on a camera allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value. ... These modes give the user control of either aperture or shutter speed, while letting the camera determine the remaining setting for best exposure.

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Automatic exposure mode (also called automatic exposure and abbreviated as AE) is a standard feature on digital cameras that will automatically determine the correct exposure for pictures without any user input other than to select the AE option before taking a picture.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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Art brut or Raw Art designates a category of works made by people ignoring any and all artistic and aesthetic references, or refusing quite simply to submit to standards.

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JPEG. Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 2²⁴ or 16,777,216 colors.

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Technical details. The ART format (file extension ".art") holds a single still image that has been highly compressed. The format was designed to facilitate the quick downloading of images, among other things.

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Golden hour is when the sun is low in the horizon, giving light with a golden tint. Blue hour is when the sun is slightly below the horizon, leaving the sky deep blue. There is no set duration because it varies according to latitude and time of the year.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. The opposite period during twilight is blue hour, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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Pixel art is a form of digital art, created through the use of software, where images are edited on the pixel level. ... Creating or modifying pixel art characters or objects for video games is sometimes called spriting, a term that arose from the hobbyist community.

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triptych. Artists sometimes create a triptych, a series of three panels that are meant to be displayed together. You can use the noun triptych to describe three paintings that are deliberately hung together, as one piece, on the walls of an art gallery. ... A related artistic term is diptych, which means two panels.

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A diptych is a painting or relief carving made of two parts, which are usually joined by hinges. They are invariably small in size and, if an altarpiece, were used for private devotion. Diptychs are hinged so that they can be closed like a book to protect the interior paintings.

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Silhouette photography is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Chiaroscuro is an Italian artistic term used to describe the dramatic effect of contrasting areas of light and dark in an artwork, particularly paintings. It comes from the combination of the Italian words for "light" and "dark."

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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Diffusing light means to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. In diffused lighting, subjects will appear to have shadows with very soft edges or no edges at all. Diffused light can bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles.

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The Art Of Backlighting. ... Whilst this may contradict advice given to beginners to always shoot with the light coming from behind the camera the art of backlighting is a technique that can produce wonderful images.

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Ethics are defined as “a system of moral principles” which constantly factor into the choices we make.

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3– Trademark is defined as “a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.”

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Sourcing Agents When Manufacturing Overseas: The Long Version You have a great product that you want to be made in a foreign country about which you know little. What do you do? Do you use a sourcing agent and if you do, how should you pay that agent and what should you have it do?

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Art Plagiarism Defined. Merriam-Webster defines plagiarism as “the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person.”