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In most cities, motorized transport is responsible for 80 percent of local air pollution. Photo credit: Flickr/Stephan Rebernik

Two leaders on urban development recently came together on the same stage: Dr. Jim Yong Kim and Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

Kim, president of the World Bank, and Bloomberg, mayor of New York City, headlined a panel at the Transforming Transportation conference, an event co-organized by the World Bank and WRI's EMBARQ Center for Sustainable Transport. Through a discussion moderated by Zanny Minton Beddoes, an editor at The Economist, and closed by WRI's president, Dr. Andrew Steer, Kim and Bloomberg took on the meaty topic of how to shape the future of urban transport.

It was an interesting pairing of perspectives. Bloomberg is a leader in business, government, and philanthropy who has had an enormous impact on New York City. Kim brings a public health and international perspective, and now, at the World Bank, focuses on advancing the goal of reducing poverty and boosting "shared prosperity" across the globe. Despite their different backgrounds, the two shared the idea that sustainable transport goes beyond moving vehicles and infrastructure. At its core, transportation is about improving the health and quality of life for people.

A Critical Moment for Sustainable Transport

As both Kim and Bloomberg noted, the world is moving unsustainably-literally. About 1.3 million people die every year as a result of traffic accidents. In most cities, motorized transport is responsible for 80 percent of local air pollution. And with 70 percent of the world's population expected to live in cities by 2050, these urban problems are likely to worsen. So now is an especially critical time for discussing sustainable transport. "If you get green transportation right, it pays for itself in terms of economics, in terms of environment, and in terms of human health and well-being," said Steer. "It's a wonderful win-win-win."

How to "get it right," though, is a heavy question-one without clear answers. Kim and Bloomberg put forth a few ideas during today's discussion.

4 Ways to Scale Up Sustainable Transportation

1) Educate the Public

Helping the public understand how sustainable transport benefits them is critical to building support for subway systems, bus rapid transit (BRT), bike lanes, and other infrastructure, Bloomberg said. He shared an example from New York, a city whose greenhouse gas emissions are half the national average. The city maps the locations of where children have asthma attacks, finding that the majority align with locations of major roads and interstates. In a very visual, compelling way, this effort shows the benefits that walking, biking, and taking public transit offer.

2) Rethink Roads

"Roads are designed to move people-they're not necessarily designed to move automobiles," said Bloomberg. "So you might want to use your roads for other methods of transportation."

Bloomberg did just that in New York, transforming the main thoroughfare through Manhattan-from Times Square to Herald Square-into pedestrian walkways. While car advocates complained at first, the move ended up benefiting the local economy. According to Bloomberg, the walkways serve as a tourist attraction and boost traffic to stores in the area.

L-R: Rachel Kyte (World Bank), Dr. Jim Yong Kim (World Bank), Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Dr. Andrew Steer (WRI). Photo credit: Ryan Rayburn/World Bank

3)Look to the Developing World

Sustainable transport systems increase mobility, but can also alleviate many quality-of-life issues in developing nations. "In the poorest countries, if we can bring about clean, effective, affordable transportation, not only will it reduce greenhouse gas emissions and traffic jams, but give people an opportunity to have a job and a livelihood," said Kim.

The World Bank is currently working with China's incoming leadership to evaluate transport innovations in the country and in other nations. Kim said the Bank will then use this analysis to recommend a path forward.

4)Share Knowledge

Cities-rather than states or national governments-have historically led the way on sustainable transport, as transit planning depends on each urban center's unique circumstances. Cities can, however, learn from one another-and in turn, help scale up sustainable transport systems throughout the world.

The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group-a network of megacities, led by Mayor Bloomberg-fosters knowledge-sharing. "Under the C40 structure we have, we try to find things that each city did and make sure other mayors know about them and how they might apply to their cities," said Bloomberg. (WRI just signed an MOU to work with the C40 on sustainable transport issues).

"Everybody looks at cities and says they're so complicated, and messy, and multi-sectoral," said Steer. "Change can come much quicker and easier if you have the right kind of leadership and solutions."

The Future of Sustainable Transport

What the sustainable urban transport systems of the future will look like-and if they'll be implemented at all-is still emerging. But one point from the event was resoundingly clear: Sustainable transport systems must be a critical component of city planning in order for both people and the planet to prosper.

"If things go badly, by the time my three-year-old son is my age, the oceans will be 150 percent more acidic, coral reefs will be melted away, fisheries will be completely disturbed, and every single day, food fights and water fights will occur somewhere in the world," said Kim. "Working on transport is part of this moral responsibility we have-to the cities of today, and to future generations."

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4 Big Ideas to Revolutionize Transportation

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Two leaders on urban development recently came together on the same stage: Dr. Jim Yong Kim and Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Kim, president of the World Bank, and Bloomberg, mayor of New York City, headlined a panel at the [Transforming Transportation conference](http://transformingtransportation.org/), an event co-organized by the World Bank and [WRI's EMBARQ Center for Sustainable Transport](http://www.embarq.org/).

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Around 1000 children die in India every year due to diseases caused from the polluted water.

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http://www.mercedesbenzpeterborough.com/showroom/2014/smart/fortwo+electric+drive/Convertible.htm

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House owners use chemicals that are 10 times more toxic per acre, than the amount used by the farmers.

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There are more than 500 million cars in the world and by 2030 the number will rise to 1 billion.

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At least 170 dead pigs have been found in a river in northwest China according to state media, the latest food and water safety incident to hit the country.

The pigs were found in a tributary of the Yellow River, China's second longest river, in Qinghai Province by local residents last week but it was not yet known where the pigs came from and what killed them.

According to the state news agency, Xinhua, the pigs tested negative for an infectious disease. The center of animal disease control and prevention said it will carry out further tests. The pigs were found in a section of the Huangshui River which is a major source of water for irrigation for the surrounding regions.

There have been a number of incidents where dead pigs have been found floating in Chinese rivers. Last month, over 150 pig carcasses were found in the Gan River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, in Jiangxi province.
And Chinese state media reported in March that nearly 500 dead pigs have been removed from a reservoir in Sichuan province every month.

The biggest dead pig scandal took place last March when 16,000 dead pigs were found floating in the Huangpu River in Shanghai which supplies drinking water to many of the city's 26 million residents, leading to concerns about water and food safety in the city. Grim photos of the city's sanitation works pulling bloated decomposing pig carcasses out of the river circulated online and in the media.

It is not always easy to find where the dead pigs come from or their cause of death. However, it is thought that farmers frequently dump pigs that have died into rivers to avoid paying for them to disposed of properly. There has also been a crackdown in recent years on the illegal sale of dead or sick pigs for processing and it is believed that because of this, farmers are instead resorting to dumping dead pigs into rivers.

Meanwhile, authorities in the city of Lanzhou in Gansu province have said the city is to get a second water supply after excessive levels of the chemical benzene was found in the tap water.

The city's more than 3 million residents were warned not to drink tap water after levels of the carcinogenic chemical were found to be more than 20 times above national safety levels. Since early last month, the city's residents had reported of a bad smelling from the water coming from taps.
Topics

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At least 170 dead pigs have been found in a river in northwest China according to state media, the latest food and water safety incident to hit the country. The pigs were found in a tributary of the Yellow River, China's second longest river, in Qinghai Province by local residents last week but it was not yet known where the pigs came from and what killed them.

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china has 6,018 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year.

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It is estimated that you breathe 20,000 liters of air each day. This means the more polluted the air is, the more we breathe into our lungs dangerous chemicals.

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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/air-pollution-from-cars.htm

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Emissions from cars increase the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. At normal levels, greenhouse gases keep some of the sun's heat in the atmosphere and help warm Earth. That said, many scientists believe that burning fossil fuels such as gasoline causes greenhouse gas levels to spike, leading to global warming.

Scientists use sophisticated instruments to measure concentrations of harmful substances in the air, but it's tough to say exactly what percentage of air pollution comes from cars. This makes sense, because many other human activities contribute to air pollution as well. In fact, the production of electricity by coal-fired power plants and other sources can cause more pollution than most cars. If that wasn't enough, we pollute the air when we heat our homes and public buildings with fuels other than electricity - just as we do when we drive our cars. Even people who don't drive add to pollution when they buy goods and services that involve fuel when they're made or delivered.

What we do know is that the transportation sector is responsible for over 55 percent of NOx total emissions inventory in the U.S., less than 10 percent of VOCs emissions in the U.S. and less than 10 percent of particulate matter emissions in the U.S. Volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, are gases that are emitted into the air from products or processes, according to the American Lung Asociation, and come from deisel emissions and the burning of gasoline.

Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared cars " mobile sources" of pollution, they aren't the only culprits. Big trucks, bulldozers, ships and boats, trains and even snowblowers pollute the air.

The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks estimated that mobile sources constituted 32 percent of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States in 2019 when including emissions from non-transportation mobile sources. And according to a study by researchers at the University of Toronto, published in 2015, 25 percent of cars and trucks are causing about 90 percent of pollution from the vehicle fleet.

The United States was long considered the world's biggest polluter in terms of carbon dioxide and other greenhouses gases, but China has moved into the top spot, according to the Global Carbon Project 2020.

The percentage of air pollution caused by cars is higher in urban areas and higher still near major highways. Fortunately, better fuels and new technologies in cars help. The U.S. government has imposed tougher emissions standards, and consumers want better efficiency. According to the EPA, today's cars are 98 to 99 percent cleaner for most tailpipe pollutants compared to the 1960s. Hybrid cars, electric cars and alternative fuels will continue to help, but the sheer number of people - and cars - on the roads offsets these improvements.

People can help by driving less. Combine trips for efficiency. Walk, bike, carpool or use public transportation when you can.

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You see it every time smoke billows from your car's exhaust pipe. There's no denying that vehicles are major contributors to air pollution. But how much are they responsible for?

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CADILLAC ESCALADE ESV is the most polluting car type

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Pollution

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More than 3 million kids under the age of 5 years die every year due to environmental factors like pollution.

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CADILLAC ESCALADE ESV is de most polltuing cat tyoe

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. Most polluting car CADILLAC ESCALADE ESV

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what is the worst country for pollution - Google Search

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http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution/causes-of-air-pollution.html

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http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution/causes-of-air-pollution.html

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What causes Air Pollution? Here are some natural and human activities that cause air pollution

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Air pollution can result from both natural causes as well as human activities. Find out how industrial activities, burning fossil fuels and household activities all contribute to air pollution.

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Humans are the main cause of pollution.

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Approximately 46% of the lakes in America are extremely polluted and hence risky for swimming, fishing and aquatic life.

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Here is a link to TOP 10 pollution produce. Pakistan produces 101ug/m3. http://www.care2.com/causes/the-top-5-most-polluted-countries-in-the-world.html

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India,china

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http://ecowatch.com/2014/04/07/22-facts-plastic-pollution-10-things-can-do-about-it/

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The country produces 614 million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide a year.

!!

1

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copyright of the 2014 copyright institution act

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The garbage dumped in the ocean every year is roughly around 14 billion pounds. Plastic is the major constituent.

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http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution/causes-of-air-pollution.html

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most poluted river in the world

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Cleanups can save animals’ lives and discourage people from littering in the future.

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List of countries and dependencies by population - Wikipedia

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This is a list of countries and dependent territories by population. It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territories and, in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with inclusion within the list being primarily based on the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.

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China is the most polluted country

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more polluted country I think is china.

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Some of New Zealand's smallest towns have worse air pollution than Auckland, according to data from the World Health Organisation (WHO).

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List of countries and dependencies by population - Wikipedia

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This is a list of countries and dependent territories by population. It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territories and, in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with inclusion within the list being primarily based on the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.

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China wins the number one spot for the world’s most polluting country as it emits 6,018 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year.

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14 billion pounds of garbage are dumped into the ocean every year. Most of it is plastic.

https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-pollution

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India,chaina,

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People who live in places with high levels of air pollutants have a 20% higher risk of death from lung cancer than people who live in less-polluted areas.

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Citarum river in Indonesia is the worst poluted river in the world

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It all started in the industrial revouloution

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http://www.care2.com/causes/the-top-5-most-polluted-countries-in-the-world.html

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The WHO has released a new study ranking countries with the worst air pollution. When we consider air pollution most of us will automatically think of China. However, it was nowhere to be found in the top 10 offenders. This, by the way, is not because they've suddenly cleaned up their act, but rather because this study ranked countries as a whole, rather than cities.

So here are the top 5 countries with the worst air pollution, and what they are trying to do to combat it.
1. Pakistan
Pakistan made #1 on the list with a PM 2.5 pollution level of 101 ug/m3. Now, that might not make sense so let me break it down: PM 2.5 stands for the size of the particles of pollution. The size (2.5) is frequently cited as the most detrimental because it can travel deep into lungs and cause a variety of ailments. Good examples of these particles are smoke, mold and dust. The ug/m3 part stands for micrograms per unit meter of air. So Pakistan has 101 micrograms of PM 2.5 pollutants per unit meter of air.

This level of pollution can be fatal to certain people with compromised respiratory systems and is blamed for killing thousands each year. Such pollutants also cause at least 80,000 hospitalizations in Pakistan alone. Although Pakistan has hosted a number of green air initiatives, and Coca-Cola has even led the fight in establishing better air quality, the country continues to suffer from some of the worst pollution on the planet.

Part of this is because Pakistan is dealing with crippling security threats on an everyday basis. Recent attacks on Karachi's International Airport and Taliban offenses from the Afghan border mean that much of the government budget is devoted to security rather than health and the environment. Because of this, Pakistanis will continue to suffer a host of complications due to pollution.
2. Qatar
Qatar ranks in as the second worst country with 92 units of PM 2.5 micrograms per unit meter of air. Heavy construction in a relatively small area, combined with one of the biggest growing international airports have converged to create truly terrible air quality. However, Qatar is doing something about this.

The Sahara Forest Project, which is somewhat oddly named as the desert in Qatar is not the Sahara (not even close), is using state of the art techniques to plant trees, bushes, and bring sustainable water and energy designs to the miles of desert that surround the city's countryside. Further, by trapping seawater and evaporating it into the air, they are looking to reduce desert temperatures to create a more humid climate. If it is successful, it could help bring down the pollution levels in Qatar substantially.

Although some flinch at the idea of removing a desert ecosystem that has existed for thousands of years, projects such as these have been accomplished before, in desertification areas of Northern Africa. The results have actually been positive, showing little impact on overall environmental stability.
3. Afghanistan
Afghanistan comes in just after Qatar with a PM 2.5 level of 84 micrograms per unit meter of air. Part of this naturally has to do with the recent war. Rubble, creating a mix of toxic building materials in the air, along with bombs, smoke, generators which run on diesel, and air travel in and out of the country have come together in a disastrous mix of toxic pollutants.

Sadly, not a whole lot is planned for invigorating the air quality of the country. Although Afghanistan does have a Green Club, a lot of the activities are simply raising awareness for the problem as actual funds to institute programs are near impossible to find.
4. Bangladesh
This is one of the few nations where air quality has fallen steadily over the past few years, the air here has a PM 2.5 level of 79 micrograms per unit meter of air. Air quality is something which sends thousands of Bangladeshis to hospitals every year, especially in urban areas where massive factories have sprung up.

Part of this is because the country provides very cheap labor and industry, which has led to a deregulation of sorts in the country. Because of loose standards for the environment, companies can save labor money but create a large environmental impact.

Enter the Bangladesh Green Roof Movement. Started by local groups, this is a movement which could have a great impact on the country. By planting gardens they not only help with food sustainability, but help reduce the pollution levels inside the country. While Bangladesh has a long way to go, it's heartening to see that the citizens are taking it upon themselves to try to create a greener future.
5. Iran
Iran rounds out the top five most polluted countries with a PM 2.5 level of 76 micrograms per unit meter of air. Part of the reason for this is simply a lack of quality products. The gasoline used is often poor quality, the building materials used contain asbestos, and overcrowding and a large youth population has led to congested streets.

However, with such a large youth population, Iran has also started championing some interesting environmental movements. Demonstrations where people line up inside of public parks with breathing masks on have spread on social media. Although environmental issues are often the bastion of upper-middle class people in developing nations, in Iran's case citizens from all walks of life have gotten involved. This includes villagers renouncing poor cooking methods and poaching.

Although the current president of Iran has remained fairly mum on the environment, most agree he is far more open to it than Iran's former president. This has given the Iranian youth hope that environmental consciousness improves as their country moves forward.

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The Top 5 Most Polluted Countries in the World | Care2 Causes

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The WHO has released a new study ranking countries with the worst air pollution. When we consider air pollution most of us will automatically think of China. However, it was nowhere to be found in the top 10 offenders.

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Over 1 million seabirds and 100,000 sea mammals are killed by pollution every year.

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China wins the spot for number one most polluting country, it emits 6,018 million (that's over 9000!) tons of green house gasses each year. China also has the largest population so it uses a lot of fossil fuel.

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http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/causes.html

this is a sit for all polution

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Emissions from industries and manufacturing activities

Burning Fossil Fuels

Household and Farming Chemicals

Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Fuel combustion from vehicles and engines.

Ground-level Ozone (O3)

Lead (Pb)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

etc

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china is the most polluted

country on EARTH

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Auckland is the worst pollution

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China emits 6,018 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year

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humans and rubbish are the main cuasaes of polution

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Humans are the main cause of pollution

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http://www.wri.org/blog/2013/01/4-big-ideas-revolutionize-transportation

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In most cities, motorized transport is responsible for 80 percent of local air pollution. Photo credit: Flickr/Stephan Rebernik

Two leaders on urban development recently came together on the same stage: Dr. Jim Yong Kim and Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

Kim, president of the World Bank, and Bloomberg, mayor of New York City, headlined a panel at the Transforming Transportation conference, an event co-organized by the World Bank and WRI's EMBARQ Center for Sustainable Transport. Through a discussion moderated by Zanny Minton Beddoes, an editor at The Economist, and closed by WRI's president, Dr. Andrew Steer, Kim and Bloomberg took on the meaty topic of how to shape the future of urban transport.

It was an interesting pairing of perspectives. Bloomberg is a leader in business, government, and philanthropy who has had an enormous impact on New York City. Kim brings a public health and international perspective, and now, at the World Bank, focuses on advancing the goal of reducing poverty and boosting "shared prosperity" across the globe. Despite their different backgrounds, the two shared the idea that sustainable transport goes beyond moving vehicles and infrastructure. At its core, transportation is about improving the health and quality of life for people.

A Critical Moment for Sustainable Transport

As both Kim and Bloomberg noted, the world is moving unsustainably-literally. About 1.3 million people die every year as a result of traffic accidents. In most cities, motorized transport is responsible for 80 percent of local air pollution. And with 70 percent of the world's population expected to live in cities by 2050, these urban problems are likely to worsen. So now is an especially critical time for discussing sustainable transport. "If you get green transportation right, it pays for itself in terms of economics, in terms of environment, and in terms of human health and well-being," said Steer. "It's a wonderful win-win-win."

How to "get it right," though, is a heavy question-one without clear answers. Kim and Bloomberg put forth a few ideas during today's discussion.

4 Ways to Scale Up Sustainable Transportation

1) Educate the Public

Helping the public understand how sustainable transport benefits them is critical to building support for subway systems, bus rapid transit (BRT), bike lanes, and other infrastructure, Bloomberg said. He shared an example from New York, a city whose greenhouse gas emissions are half the national average. The city maps the locations of where children have asthma attacks, finding that the majority align with locations of major roads and interstates. In a very visual, compelling way, this effort shows the benefits that walking, biking, and taking public transit offer.

2) Rethink Roads

"Roads are designed to move people-they're not necessarily designed to move automobiles," said Bloomberg. "So you might want to use your roads for other methods of transportation."

Bloomberg did just that in New York, transforming the main thoroughfare through Manhattan-from Times Square to Herald Square-into pedestrian walkways. While car advocates complained at first, the move ended up benefiting the local economy. According to Bloomberg, the walkways serve as a tourist attraction and boost traffic to stores in the area.

L-R: Rachel Kyte (World Bank), Dr. Jim Yong Kim (World Bank), Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Dr. Andrew Steer (WRI). Photo credit: Ryan Rayburn/World Bank

3)Look to the Developing World

Sustainable transport systems increase mobility, but can also alleviate many quality-of-life issues in developing nations. "In the poorest countries, if we can bring about clean, effective, affordable transportation, not only will it reduce greenhouse gas emissions and traffic jams, but give people an opportunity to have a job and a livelihood," said Kim.

The World Bank is currently working with China's incoming leadership to evaluate transport innovations in the country and in other nations. Kim said the Bank will then use this analysis to recommend a path forward.

4)Share Knowledge

Cities-rather than states or national governments-have historically led the way on sustainable transport, as transit planning depends on each urban center's unique circumstances. Cities can, however, learn from one another-and in turn, help scale up sustainable transport systems throughout the world.

The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group-a network of megacities, led by Mayor Bloomberg-fosters knowledge-sharing. "Under the C40 structure we have, we try to find things that each city did and make sure other mayors know about them and how they might apply to their cities," said Bloomberg. (WRI just signed an MOU to work with the C40 on sustainable transport issues).

"Everybody looks at cities and says they're so complicated, and messy, and multi-sectoral," said Steer. "Change can come much quicker and easier if you have the right kind of leadership and solutions."

The Future of Sustainable Transport

What the sustainable urban transport systems of the future will look like-and if they'll be implemented at all-is still emerging. But one point from the event was resoundingly clear: Sustainable transport systems must be a critical component of city planning in order for both people and the planet to prosper.

"If things go badly, by the time my three-year-old son is my age, the oceans will be 150 percent more acidic, coral reefs will be melted away, fisheries will be completely disturbed, and every single day, food fights and water fights will occur somewhere in the world," said Kim. "Working on transport is part of this moral responsibility we have-to the cities of today, and to future generations."

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4 Big Ideas to Revolutionize Transportation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Two leaders on urban development recently came together on the same stage: Dr. Jim Yong Kim and Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Kim, president of the World Bank, and Bloomberg, mayor of New York City, headlined a panel at the [Transforming Transportation conference](http://transformingtransportation.org/), an event co-organized by the World Bank and [WRI's EMBARQ Center for Sustainable Transport](http://www.embarq.org/).