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Wollestonecraft disagree with Rousseau that women's education is secondary to men's. In her essay titled The Vindication of the Rights of Women, written in 1792, she argued that women needed education to become useful. She pushed for women to enter male dominate fields. Her experiences strongly influenced her political beliefs. For example, she received little schooling herself and her sisters tough themselves. She ran a school shortly then became a London publisher. She met with others who had similar views then published their views so others could be influenced.

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Philosophes were the social critics of Enlightenment. They believed that reason was able to be applied to every aspect of life. Also, they believed that it was important for people to find happiness and well-being in their life. They disagreed with the medieval view that people should wait till they enter heaven for happiness instead of searching for it while on earth. Progress played an important role to them and they believed that it was vital so that mankind could improve upon its self. Finally, they argued for liberty and that it was essential for forming a government at the will of the people.

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Rousseau was a strong supporter for personal freedom. He disagreed with many other Enlightenment thinks about many things. He stated, "Man is born, and everywhere he is in chains." He believes that civilization is the problem and the only good government is one freely formed by the people and controlled by the "general will." This government would be considered a direct democracy and people would give up certain freedoms for common good. Rousseau had a different view of the social contract, he argued it was free individuals agreeing to make a government and society. Rousseau agreed with Locke that the only valid government had the consent to govern. Also, he argued for people to equal and all nobility titles to be eliminated.

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Montesquieu was a French writer who spent his time studying political liberty. He believed that Britain's separation of power was the best form of government of his time. He simplified it saying that the king was responsible for carrying out laws, Parliament was responsible for making laws, and the judges and courts of England were responsible for interpreting the laws and applying them to specific cases. In 1748 he wrote On the Spirit of Laws expressing the separation of power as well as ways to keep political leaders in check which would eventually called checks and balances. This system of government would be very influential to the new United States and was even written in the Constitution.

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Francois Marie Arouet also know as his pen name Voltaire was an advocate for reason, tolerance, and freedom of religion and speech. He had published over 70 books consisting of political essays, drama, and philosophy. He had been sentenced to jail twice and exiled to England for two years due to his political beliefs. He also preached that humanity's worst enemies are intolerance, superstition, and prejudice.

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Around the same time as the Scientific Revolution began, people started to rethink about certain aspects of society. It would change aspects of government, education, economics, and religion. The movement focused on the individual and reason which is why it is given the title "The Age of Reason."

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Locke had political views very different from Hobbes. He believed that humans were naturally good and learned from experience to improve themselves. Locke praised the idea of self-governance and opposed the idea of absolute monarchy. He stated that every man is born free and should receive what he stated are the natural rights of "life, liberty and property." The purpose of government is protect and not infringe these but if it does the citizens have a right and a duty to overthrow it.

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This was an idea expressed by Hobbes. His idea was since humans are selfish and greedy naturally that it's crucial that strong leader rules over them. In Hobbes mind this leader would be an absolute monarch. People would hand over rights in exchange for law and order. It was described in the book written in 1762 called The Social Contract. He also claimed that the best government should have the power of a sea monster, which could demand order and oben

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Hobbes was a very outspoken political activist. He believed all humans were selfish and evil. He made these conclusions after living through the English Civil War. He said without government there would constant war with man against man. He created an idea called the social contract. His ideas were expressed through his book called the Leviathan.