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Quaternary

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Tertiary

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Secondary

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Primary

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Polymer

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Monomer

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antibodies

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hemoglobin

ion channel proteins

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collagen

keratin

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hormones

neurotransmitters

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myosin

actin

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amylase

sucrase

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Proteins combat bacterial and viral infections.

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Carries cellular messages.

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Animals move by muscle contraction, which involves the interaction of the proteins.

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Protein fibres provide structural support.

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Transports specific substances.

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Enzymes speed up reactions.

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Biological macromolecules composed of amino acid monomers linked by covalent bonds

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long carbon-based chains

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4  carbon-based rings attached to one another

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1 glycerol  + 2  fatty acids
+ 1 phosphate group

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1 glycerol  + 3 fatty acids

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Steroid

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Wax

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Phospholipid

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Triglyceride

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lipids do not fit into the monomer-polymer relationship because they are not made up of simple units repeating.

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Cholesterol is part of cell membranes,

Testosterone and estrogen are sex hormones.

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In plants, waxes coat the surfaces of leaves

Waxes are present on the skin, fur, and feathers of animal species and on the exoskeletons of insects.

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cholesterol

testosterone

estrogen

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lard

butter

vegetable oil

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earwax

beeswax

spermaceti

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Phosphatidylcholine

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Starch

glycogen

cellulose

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Sucrose

lactose

maltose

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glucose

fructose

galactose

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If it is too fluid, a bilayer permits too many molecules to diffuse in and out of a cell.

If it is not fluid enough, a bilayer prevents too many molecules from crossing.

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Provides 'long -term' energy storage .

Acts a barrier ;as it protect the organs from heat loss .

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Wax

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Steroid

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Phospholipid

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Triglyceride

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Biological macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a high proportion of non-polar carbon–hydrogen bonds

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Polysaccharide

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Diasaccharide

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Monosaccharide

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ALPHA glucose

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BETAglucose

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ALPHA glucose

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Monomer

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Polymer

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Cellular

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The type of glycosidic linkage between monomers of cellulose is different than the ones between monomers of starch and glycogen .(picture below)

Cellulose is a major component of tough cell walls that surround plant cells, and is what makes plant stems, leaves, and branches so strong.

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Sugars and Starches are examples of carbohydrates .

Sugars and starches store energy in a way that is easily accessible by the body.

Carbohydrates contain many hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.

most are polar molecules, and many dissolve in water.

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Functions

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A biological macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio .

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A large, complex molecule, usually composed of repeating sets of monomers covalently linked together.