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Bruning decided to increase taxes to reduce the budget deficit; he then implemented wage cuts and spending reductions, an attempt to lower prices. Bruning’s measures failed and probably contributed to increased unemployment and public suffering in 1931-32. They also revived government instability and bickering between parties in the Reichstag.

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Officer in Hindenburg's regime. He felt the army was the true embodiment of the nation, and that the government and the army should be linked. This upset other generals who wanted the army to have less of a political role. He was murdered by Nazis in the Night of the Long Knives, 1934.

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To win Reichstag support, Bruning, the appointed Chancellor in 1930, called for a new election which led to major gains for the extremists. He failed to take action to reduce the impact of the Depression. Later, he was forced to resign when he lost the confidence of Hindenburg. He then settled in the USA in 1934.

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Muller signed the treaty for Versailles for Germany in 1919. Germany failed to agree on how to fund the rising unemployment payments brought by the Depression, and when the President refused to support him, he resigned in 1930.

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The main approach of governments after 1929 was to reduce expenditure to cope with the fall in tax revenue as economic activity declined. For example, between 1928 and 1933 the budget for war victims' pensions was cut by one third, embittering thousands of people who felt betrayed by the system.

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Article 48: If any state does not perform the duties impose on it by the constitution or the national laws, the National President may hold it to the performance thereof by force of arms.

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"A Chicago news correspondent in Berlin reported that '60 per cent of each new university graduating class was out of work'"

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"The impact on Weimar Germany was even more dire. Germans were not so much reliant on exports as they were on American loans, which had been propping up the Weimar economy since 1924. No further loans were issued from late 1929, while American financiers began to call in existing loans." (Alphahistory.com)

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With the US being in depression as well they had to stop their loans to Germany. This had led to closures in businesses and factories. The economy of Germany was declining, since the unemployment and banking system were at a high peak.

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YouTube Playlist:

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Great Depression Era 1920s and 1930s Music - YouTube

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“The Great Depression, of course, had created the perfect environment—political instability and an economically devastated and vulnerable populace—for the Nazi seizure of power and fascist empire building”

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Many farmers had already been hit by high interest rates and falling agricultural prices. Their position worsened and by 1932 18,000 farmers had gone bankrupt.

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Along with describing industry as part of the reason Germany’s economy went down, the author also suggests that agriculture played a big role in the downturn of the economy. International agriculture prices fell, and this also contributed to the unemployment of farmers.

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British novelist Christopher Isherwood, who lived in Berlin during the worst of the depression

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British novelist Christopher Isherwood, who lived in Berlin during the worst of the depression

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Morning after morning, all over the immense, damp, dreary town... young men were waking up to another work-less empty day, to be spent as they could best contrive: selling boot-laces, begging...opening the doors of cars, helping with crates in the market, gossiping, lounging, stealing... sharing stumps of cigarette ends picked up in the gutter.

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By 1932, over 6 million people were unemployed.

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“Foreclosures, bankruptcies, suicides and malnourishment all skyrocketed. Six million Germans, 40% of the working population, were unemployed; and thousands found themselves without a place to live… As anxiety and fear gripped the masses of unemployed men, blatant prejudices resurfaced against full-time female workers... they worried that the few advances made by women would be permanently stifled.”