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A defensive howl is used to keep people away and packs together. When the pack is separated, wolves howl in order to warn each other about threats or danger. Wolves also howl to keep predators away by scaring them off.

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behavior which occurs when an individual perceives threat or anticipates threat in the group

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A wolf prepares for the possible attack of an opponent or intruder. The wolf takes a stance to ward of enemies and gets ready for combat. The wolf will snarl, and then result to violence if the problem is not resolved.

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Defensive behaviors are mostly inherited impulses, but there are a few examples where it has become an adaptation. Wolves learn how to react in the situation their in. The wolves decide whether or not to run or to stay and fight. Plus, as they gain more predators, the wolves need to in turn gain different defensive behaviors to deal with their new enemies. They pass these traits down to their offspring so that they will be prepared for future enemies and opponents.

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Defensive behaviors allow for the pack to protect themselves. It also allows for them to protect the ones who are unable to protect themselves, such as young pups, injured, or older wolves. Defensive behaviors also form a cast system since this is how animals prove their dominance.

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Wolf Behavior. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.runningwiththewolves.org/behavior2.htm