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The Freedom Act is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015 that restored in modified from several previsions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on U.S. citizens by American intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency. It also restores authorization for roving wiretaps and tracking lone wolf terrorist. The title of the act originally was a ten-letter backronym (USA FREEDOM) that stood for Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ending Eavesdropping, Dragnet-collection and Online Monitoring Act.

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In 1967, at the request of U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, a team of analysts working for the Department of Defense prepared a highly classified study of the U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from the end of World War II until the present day. By 1969, however, Ellsberg had come to believe that the war in Vietnam was unwinnable. He also believed that the information contained in the Pentagon Papers about U.S. decision-making regarding Vietnam should be more widely available to the American public. After secretly photocopying large sections of the report, Ellsberg approached several members of Congress, none of whom took action.

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The Patriot Act was quickly developed as anti-terrorism legislation in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. The large and complex law received Congressional oversight and debate and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. Patriot gives sweeping search and surveillance to domestic law enforcement and foreign intelligence agencies and eliminates checks and balances that previously gave courts the opportunity to ensure that those powers were not abused. PATRIOT and follow-up legislation now in development threaten the basic rights of millions of Americans.

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Edward Joseph Snowden was born on June 21, 1983. He is an American computer professional, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, and former contractor for the United States government who copied and leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 without authorization. His disclosures revealed numerous global surveillance programs, many run by the NSA and the Five Eyed Intelligence Alliance with the cooperation of telecommunication companies and European governments.

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The Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill Of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with other amendments in the Bill Of Rights, in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new constitution. Congress submitted the amendment to the state on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-fourths of the states had ratified it.