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Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama, South Carolina and other Southern states. The groups were confronted by arresting police officers—as well as horrific violence from white protestors —along their routes, but also drew international attention to their cause.

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The SNCC, or Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, was a civil-rights group formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. The SNCC soon became one of the movement’s more radical branches. In the wake of the Greensboro sit-in at a lunch counter closed to blacks, Ella Baker, then director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), helped set up the first meeting of what became the SNCC.

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Also known as the Poor People´s Campaign, the ¨crusade¨ against economic injustice, organized by Martin Luther King, advocated an "economic bill of rights" for all poor people. It would offer massive government anti-poverty job programs and "livable wages". He planned a march on Washington, and traveled around the country to mobilize support. Ralph Abernathy took over SCLC after King´s death and the "Poor People´s March to Washington" was held over several weeks, with protesters campaigning at various federal agencies. The "Economic Bill of Rights" was never passed.

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The Selma to Montgomery march was part of a series of civil-rights protests that occurred in 1965 in Alabama. In March of that year, in an effort to register black voters in the South, protesters marching the 54-mile route from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were confronted with deadly violence from local authorities and white vigilante groups. The protesters—under the protection of federalized National Guard troops—finally achieved their goal, walking around the clock for three days to reach Montgomery. The historic march, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’s participation in it, raised awareness of the difficulties faced by black voters, and the need for a national Voting Rights Act.

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 The murder of 3 civil rights workers (1964)

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 The murder of 3 civil rights workers (1964)

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It involved the victims, civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner,  and a lynch mob, in which only 10 were convicted, including Deputy Sheriff Cecil R. Price.  The three young men had been working on the "Freedom Summer" campaign, attempting to prepare and register African Americans to vote, after they had been disenfranchised since 1890. The murders sparked national outrage, and a massive federal investigation by the FBI which uncovered local law enforcement and KKK involvement. It helped gain passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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The Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Martin Luther King Jr. and nearly 100 other black ministers form this organization in 1957 to encourage nonviolent protest, to provoke segregationists, and win support from moderate southern whites. Although it got more blacks to support the movement, it failed to spark controversy or get white sympathy.

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On May 2, 1963, several thousand African American children, teenagers, and college students in Birmingham, Alabama walked out of school to protest the city's segregation laws. As part of the larger Birmingham Campaign that began in April, what became known as the "Children's March" or "Children's Crusade" demonstrated the power of young people as civil rights activists. Groups such as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights helped coordinate the demonstration, recruiting and training young people in civil disobedience. On the first day of the march, hundreds of demonstrators were arrested for marching without permits, and in the following days, police responded to the persistent demonstrators with violence. Images of children and young adults being sprayed by firehoses or attacked by police dogs shocked the world. The Children's March revived the Birmingham Campaign, forced the city of Birmingham to integrate, and ushered in a year of historic moments, including the March on Washington and Civil Rights Act of 1964. Martin Luther King Jr. exclaimed that the Children's March "subpoenaed the conscience of the nation to the judgment seat of morality."

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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. At the march, Martin Luther King Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech in which he called for an end to racism. Estimates of the number of participants varied from 200,000 to 300,000;[6] the most widely cited estimate is 250,000 people.

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Till was accused of flirting with or whistling at Bryant. Decades later, Bryant disclosed that, in 1955, she had fabricated testimony that Till made verbal or physical advances towards her in the store. Till's reported behavior, perhaps unwittingly, violated the strictures of conduct for an African-American male interacting with a white woman in the Jim Crow-era South. Several nights after the store incident, Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother J.W. Milam went armed to Till's great-uncle's house and abducted the boy. They took him away and beat and mutilated him before shooting him in the head and sinking his body in the Tallahassee River. In September 1955, Bryant and Milam were acquitted by an all-white jury of Till's kidnapping and murder. Till's body was returned to Chicago where his mother insisted on a public funeral service with an open casket. "The open-coffin funeral held by Mamie Till Bradley exposed the world to more than her son Emmett Till's bloated, mutilated body.

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The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued its historic Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, on May 17, 1954. After the decision, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) attempted to register black students in previously all-white schools in cities throughout the South. In Little Rock, the school board agreed to comply with the high court's ruling. Virgil Blossom, the Superintendent of Schools, submitted a plan of gradual integration to the school board on May 24, 1955, which the board unanimously approved. The plan would be implemented during the fall of the 1957 school year, which would begin in September 1957.

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The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism which occurred at the African American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, on Sunday, September 15, 1963, when four members of the Ku Klux Klan planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device bene ath the steps located on the east side of the church.

Described by Martin Luther King Jr. as "one of the most vicious and tragic crimes ever perpetrated against humanity" the explosion at the church killed four girls and injured 22 others.

The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing marked a turning point in the United States during the civil rights movement and contributed to support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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The Greensboro sit-in was a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. The sit-in movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. Though many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate and lasting impact, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954),was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. However, the decision's fourteen pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in Brown II only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed".

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The Black Panther Party or the BPP (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a political organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966. The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with international chapters operating in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 until 1972.

At its inception on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its armed citizens' patrols to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in Oakland, California. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members. The Black Panther Party instituted a variety of community social programs, most extensively the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, and community health clinics to address issues like food injustice. The party enrolled the largest number of members and made the greatest impact in the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Area, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia.

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The Attica Prison riot, occurred at the Attica Correctional Facility in Attica, New York, United States, in 1971. Based upon prisoners' demands for better living conditions and political rights, the uprising was one of the most well-known and significant uprisings of the Prisoners' Rights Movement. On September 9, 1971, two weeks after the killing of George Jackson at San Quentin State Prison, about 1,000 of the Attica prison's approximately 2,200 inmates rioted and took control of the prison, taking 42 staff hostage.
As a result of the riot, a number of changes were made in the New York prison system to satisfy some of the prisoners' demands, reduce tension in the system, and prevent future such rebellions. As of 2018, there has never been another riot of anywhere near the scale of the Attica rebellion in the United States.

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The SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) and CORE (Congress Of Racial Equality) organized voter registration campaign in Mississippi. The SNCC gets 1000 northern white college students to register voters and teach civics classes to blacks. It resulted in lots of violence from southern extremists, including bombings, beatings, shootings, and multiple arrests. The campaign was big success, because tens of thousands of black voters registered and more attention drawn to civil rights movement.

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After Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white male, MLK rallies the black community to do boycott the bus system. The boycott seriously hurt the bus companies, by causing them to lose a lot of business. This lasted over a year, and ended in 1956 when the Supreme Court outlawed segregation upon buses in the Browder v. Gayle decision.

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The strike began on February 11, 1968, in Memphis Tennessee. Citing years of poor treatment, discrimination, dangerous working conditions, and the recent work-related deaths of workers, approximately 1300 black sanitation workers walked off the job to protest. They sought to join the AFSCME (American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees). The strike grew into a major civil rights struggle, attracting the attention of the national news media. AFSCME and the workers demanded union recognition, wage increases, and an end to discrimination. Local clergy members and community leaders also undertook an active campaign, including boycotts and civil disobedience.