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Sickle cells are to Red Blood Cells that they have a different type of Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the oxygen caring molecules found in red blood cells. Most healthy people have Hemoglobin A, but people with sickle cell disease have Hemoglobin S. Because of this, It causes the Red Blood Cells to take on a sickle shape, giving it its name, Sickle Cell Anemia.

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What Is Sickle Cell Anemia and How Do You Get It?

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Cecil Essentials of Medicine, Fourth Edition
UpToDate.com
KahnAcademy.org
Family Doctor Sara LeStourgeon
http://edheads.org/page/DNA
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Dec; 41(6).
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/index.html

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Sickle Cell Anemia is an Autosomal Recessive genetic disorder. There is a huge difference between being a Sickle Cell carrier and having Sickle Cell Disease which are both parts of the genetic disorder called Sickle Cell Anemia. If you are a carrier of the sickle cell trait, you don't get any of the effects that come with the disease except the unfortunate chance of passing it down to your children and them getting it, but with the cool bonus of the better resistance to Malaria. Sickle Cell Disease, however, makes you have stunted growth and constant pain in your joints and suffer from strokes.

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If you are a sickle cell carrier, then it is a mixed blessing. You have extra resistance to P. falciparum, which is the bacteria that causes Malaria. This is huge because every 30 seconds, one child dies from Malaria in the world or 3,000 children a day. On the other hand, you run the risk of giving your child Sickle Cell Disease, in which case the extra malaria bonus won't matter.

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The effects of the Sickle Cell Disease are very bad and severe. You have very stunted growth, prone to strokes, bone infarction, acute pain, chronic pain, seizure disorder, acute chest syndrome, and many more. You are also at higher risk of death from common infections. The average life expectancy for an adult taken care of in America is 58. If you live in Britain, then you have constant care so you can live to 66. However these numbers are only for those who live past childhood. In America the childhood mortality rate is 2.6%, however this rate is 50-90% in Africa.