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Social Darwinism took the idea of natural selection/survival of the fittest and applied it to life in America and human evolution. Social Darwinist believe that the government should not interfere with the natural selection of the poor workers, and that they are poor for a reason. Finally, they also believe that the poor have the power to do things that can change their social status, but the government and other wealthy people have no responsibility to help them at all.

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Rockefeller Oil and Robber Barons: 1862-1913

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Rockefeller Oil and Robber Barons: 1862-1913

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Rockefeller was the creator of a major oil industry, which was then labeled as a major Robber Baron. A Robber Baron is someone who has become massively rich through unfair and ruthless tactics, and Rockefeller was one of the first by creating vertical integration, and oil monopoly, and horrible pay for his workers. This is Laissez-Faire because at the time this was allowed by the government and they had no power to restrict this huge corporations from making millions at the expense of others.

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The Social Gospel: 1870-1920 PROGRESSIVE

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The Social Gospel: 1870-1920 PROGRESSIVE

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The Social Gospel was a movement that in order to be free and have self development, wealth had to be equal among everyone because competition went against the Christian morals. The point of this movement was to make protestants more aware of the poverty going on in America and to reform their churches. They mainly tried to get rid of poverty, and wanted better lives for the working class citizens.

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The currency reform was an ongoing battle between hard and soft currency, hard currency being gold and silver which was favored by the business men because it wasn't subject to inflation, and soft currency being paper money that was favored by farmers and laborers because soft money inflation helped with their debt. There were many acts that would go back and forth in banning and allowing each type of currency, but in the end in 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act was put in place so both hard and soft money would be a reliable and usable source of money. Overall, I would call this movement Progressive because it stabilized soft money usage which helped the poor farmers and laborers, while also taking the businessmen down a notch from having total control.

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Vertical Integration 1875-1900 LAISSEZ-FAIRE 

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Vertical Integration 1875-1900 LAISSEZ-FAIRE 

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Vertical integration was a business tactic most famously used by Andrew Carnegie during the Gilded Age. The whole point of it was for one businessman to own all of the aspects of one market. For example, Carnegie used this tactic with steel by controlling the steel mines, the railroads used to transport the steel, and the manufacturing plants for steel. This then allowed Carnegie to produce his steel much faster and cheaper since he controlled all the factors that were needed to produce it. This is Laisse-Faire because the government did not control or regulate any of these areas, allowing businessmen like Carnegie to create a monopoly and control his competition and workers.

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The Interstate Commerce Act 1877  PROGRESSIVE

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The Interstate Commerce Act 1877  PROGRESSIVE

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The Interstate Commerce Act made railroad company charge the same fair rates to all, and made under the table payments and rebates illegal. This act was a step towards bringing these railroad company's under government control and out of the corrupt and selfish businessmen. In the end, this act was Progressive because it aided in strengthening government control and gave equality to the customers and took power away from the monopolizing businessmen.

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The Great Railroad Strike: 1877   LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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The Great Railroad Strike: 1877   LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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The Great Railroad Strike was made up of workers who were protesting pay cuts, so they stopped railroad traffic throughout most of the country. The strikers the decided to burn millions if dollars in rail yards after twenty were killed by troops. The strike ultimately showed how unified laborers where, and that they were not going to take their unfair treatment silently.

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The knights of labor were a group that allowed all workers of any race, gender, and skill level to join into the larges labor union in the 19th century. They took part in lots of strikes and movements to try and promote workers rights and spread lots of controversial ideas. Overall their goal was to get economic equality and even out the wealth gap between the rich and the poor.

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Liberty of contract is when the laborers and businesses would make a contract deciding on working conditions and hours. Many Laissez-Faire believers and the government at this time believed that Liberty of Contract went against free labor. This was an ongoing fight between laborers and liberals at the time because the workers saw it as fair, and the capitalists saw this as a loss of power and money.

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Civil Service Reform Act 1883   PROGRESSIVE

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Civil Service Reform Act 1883   PROGRESSIVE

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The Civil Service Reform Act allowed political jobs to be filled by people who were qualified for the role and passed a certain set of requirements to be hired. This allowed for the corruption in government to end because people were now hired on merit rather than unjust selections by corrupt leaders. Overall this helped the government become more fair, and it helped even the playing field a little bit for the people trapped in poverty by corrupt businessmen.

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Haymarket Riot: May 4 1886 LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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Haymarket Riot: May 4 1886 LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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The Haymarket riot was a group of workers who were upset at the police for the treatment of workers who were on strike. One of then then threw a bomb at police officers at Haymarket square in Chicago. This was significant because it exposed new divisions between the workers stuck in poverty and the rest of the society.

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The Populist Party: 1890-1896   PROGRESSIVE

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The Populist Party: 1890-1896   PROGRESSIVE

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The Populist party was created by a group of mainly farmers that were struggling to make money against the big business corporations. They banded together to try and spread the word about their beliefs on equal distribution of wealth and equality in social classes. Overall, their party did not last, but it was a very big factor in the beliefs of the progressive era that will come after it.

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The Sherman Antitrust Act 1890  PROGRESSIVE

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The Sherman Antitrust Act 1890  PROGRESSIVE

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The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibited big businesses to take advantage of their customers and competition by using monopolizing practices and vertical integration tactics. This act showed promise for an end to corrupt businesses and government practices, and overall helped lead to the alleviation of poverty in the times to come.

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The Homestead strike was a strike that took place at one of the Carnegie steel plants, and the workers went on strike for a better pay and for the company to recognize their labor union. Carnegie and his associates refused, shut down the plant, and used their money and political power to bring troops in to stop the strike. Overall, the strike showed how the government had no power to stop Carnegie from doing what he wanted to get everyone to follow his orders so he could have the most power and money.

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The Bull Moose party was not around long, but it heavily supported the rights and voices of the people over the big corporations and economy. Their presidential candidate was Theodore Roosevelt, and this party ultimately supported making the change for the government to economically support its citizens rather than allowing the free market to aid in corporations and leave the people helpless.

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The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of senators, and this allowed for the corruption in the government to minimize so that the citizens are more fairly represented, and the big businesses are not controlling the country. This was a very progressive movement because it allowed for the government to have more power by being less corrupt by businesses.

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The Clayton Antitrust Act revised the Sherman Antitrust act and further outlawed monopolies, and allowed the workers rights to go on strike to further prevent businessmen from using corrupt tactics that further harm the workers. This is progressive because the government is stepping in even more than it did before to strengthen an act that stands up for the workers rights and uses more power to restrict businesses.

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Prohibition was an amendment to the constitution that was passed in 1920 that outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol. Its main goal was to improve society by increasing work efficiency and decreasing violence and crime. Its overall effects may not have been so promising, but its motives were progressive because the government took more social control by declaring a beverage illegal.

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The Nineteenth Amendment: 1920     PROGRESSIVE

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The Nineteenth Amendment: 1920     PROGRESSIVE

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The 19th amendment to the constitution guaranteed women's right to vote. This was very progressive because women had never moves from their gender roles or stood up for themselves in any time prior to this one. This then proved that the government was becoming more open to change and that it was willing to listen to its citizens.

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Herbert Hoover elected president: 1928         LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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Herbert Hoover elected president: 1928         LAISSEZ-FAIRE

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Herbert Hoover was elected president right before the great depression, and when the depression hit it was clear to see that he was a very Laissez-Faire president. This is because he thought that the best way to resolve the depression was to be hands off with the economy and let it fix itself, which clearly shows the ideals of the Laissez-Faire perspective.

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The New Deal was a series of acts that aimed to help the economy during the depression and help aid the lives of the struggling citizens of America. The New Deal was seen as very progressive and got heavy criticism from conservatives for being socialistic, but overall it proved to citizens that the government had the responsibility to step in and try to help and regulate the economy so the depression would never happen again.

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The National Recovery Administration was seen as the central part of the New Deal,  and its main objectives were setting fixed wages and prices for businesses to try to stabilize them, and provide more jobs with good pay to try and help struggling citizens. This is progressive because the government is creating an administration strictly to help people financially, and it is giving the government more power in the business market.

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The Second New Deal: 1935-36    PROGRESSIVE

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The Second New Deal: 1935-36    PROGRESSIVE

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The Second New Deal was a set of even more social and economic reform after what FDR did during the first New Deal. The focus of this section of the New Deal was less on business and more on helping ordinary people. This is progressive because FDR was stuck in the middle ground, having to choose between the angry conservatives/right party or the hopeful liberals, and he chose the path of further helping the liberals/left party.

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This act was created to ensure money to those who have retired in America, and it furthered the governments involvement in taking care of the country socially and economically. This proves that it is progressive because the government is ensuring people money, and also making a statement that the government has a responsibility for social welfare.