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Pilgrim fathers invaded Jamestown in 1607- organised by london Virginia company- Navajo native language was eradicated

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Dryden, Louth and Murray - grammarians trying to standardise grammar usage in the 1800s.

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mark sebba - code switch language depending on situation

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mark sebba - code switch language depending on situation

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Noah Webster dictionary- tried to prove that American English was different but the Merriam brothers made a dictionary to prove American English is superior

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Crawdrey dictionary was a “universal encyclopaedia of the English language” which included unspecific definitions- led to Johnson’s dictionary 1755

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Dialect levelling- kerswill study in Milton Keynes

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First person to invent the printing press-

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Random fluctuation- hocket said language change is as unoredictable as change in fashion

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Indian English- Tim marr said English is joint official language in India- seen as prestige

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Functional theory- language changes due to fulfilling functions such as new invasions

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Hingilish
Jamaican English
Indian English
Shinglish
MUBE

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Milroy- never been a golden age of language

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McWhorter - language of technology is not the same as written language, it is speech transcribed.

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Humphry- grotesque abbreviations- damaging childrens education

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damp spoon - language joins english due to laziness

infectious diseases - language joins with others, infects and spreads

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Aitchison- damp damp spoon and infectious disease (was not a prescriptivist herself)

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Rampton - Jamaican patois is adopted by white youths as it is seen as cool and good to use.

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Grammatarians of 1700s- Louth and Dryden

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Caxton wanted norm selection due to caxtons egges- different dialect led to misunderstanding

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Made up of
Germanic - from Vikings

French - Normans form the Battle of Hastings

Italian - Romans

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R.P is deemed as less trustworthy due to politicians and people in power, therefore less people speak it

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Sue fox- MLE emerged in london
Drummond- investigation in Manchester referral unit and found features of mle in Manchester- renamed in mube

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Aitchson - infectious diseases, crumbling castle, damp spoon

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Standard English- 1476
Wanted a standard language for business and trade

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Norman invasion 1066
Viking invasion 787ad
Celts 400bc
Romans 49ad