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Shah Sultan Hossein, who ruled from 1694 to 1792, was the main cause of the end of the Safavid Empire. ... In 1722 Esfahan was invaded by Afghans who murdered Shah Sultan Hossein, and in turn the Ottomans and the Russians began seizing territories in Iran and the Safavid Empire came to a complete end in 1736.

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JD
Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, parts of Arabia and much of the costal strip of north Africa

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- Military forces became less effective

- Became complacent

- Corruption

- Afghan group destroyed the ruling dynasty

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Ruled most of India and Pakistan
Spreaded Muslim Arts and Culture
They had strong economical power from their trade, agriculture, and industries

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The fall factors of the Ottomans Empire were because the European powers wanted to expand, competition from trade from Americans, rising unemployment within the empire. It had ended the 1st of November 1922

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The Empire began to decline after being defeated at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and losing almost its entire navy

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JD
State-run judicial system

Ruthless in dealing with local leaders

Promotion to positions of power largely depended on merit

Created alliances across political and racial groups

United by Islamic warrior code with ideal of increasing Muslim territory through Jihad

United by Islamic organizational and administrative structures

Encouraged loyalty from other faith groups

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Grew out of descendants of the Mongol empire who lived in Turkestan
They retained great military skill

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Much of territory fell under control of Marathas and British
The last Mughal emperor was exiled by British
Corruption of nobility
Group rivalry at the court
Military weakness

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·         attracted local warlords

·         Became more militarily aggressive

·         Military strengthened by prisoned Shi'a soldiers

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The Mughals expanded steadily from northern India, making their greatest gains

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(Destiny)

The Empire began to decline after being defeated at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and losing almost its entire navy.

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JD
Got major control of the silk road

Got other amazing trades such as rhubarb musk silk and other clothes and spices like pepper

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- Had strong religious faith

- Central secular government and administration

- Centre of the trade routes

- Art

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Under Safavid rule eastern Persia became a great cultural centre.

During this period, painting, metalwork, textiles and carpets reached new heights of perfection. For art to succeed at this scale, patronage had to come from the top.

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This empire resided in most of India and Pakistan

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CC

It All Started with Osman

The Gunpowder Empire

A Multicultural Caliphate

The Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire

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(Destiny)

The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history.

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In 1501, the Safavid Shahs declared independence when the Ottomans outlawed Shi'a Islam in their territory. The Safavid Empire was strengthened by important Shi'a soldiers from the Ottoman army who had fled from persecution.

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It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia. The Safavid Empire was a theocracy

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Over centuries the brotherhood became stronger, by attracting local warlords and by political marriages. It became a military group as well as a religious one in the 15th century.

Many were attracted by the brotherhood's allegiance to Ali, and to the 'hidden Imam'.

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·         Economic strength came from trade routes

·         Was the center of art, architecture, poetry, and philosophy

·         The empire was a theocracy (A priests ruling in the name of a god)

·         Had one of the most beautiful and elegant cities in the world

·         Traded between Europe and the Islamic civilizations of central Asia and India

·         Painting, metalwork, textiles, and carpets were created

·         Had the largest population of one million

·         Developed hundreds of buildings

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The Safavid dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, and is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history.

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They created surgical equipment like forceps and scalpels.
They also had amazing structural buildings.
a mechanical astronomical clock .

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(Destiny)

Created alliances across political and racial groups

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(Destiny)

Religion was incorporated in the state structure, and the Sultan was regarded as "the protector of Islam".