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Because the internet is world wide, no one owns the internet and there is little control on what is posted or created for the internet. 

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Because the internet is world wide, no one owns the internet and there is little control on what is posted or created for the internet. 

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Please add comments which illustrate this statement

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When discussing cyber-attacks when asked about ownership of the internet there are two main points that you should look at and develop to gain marks:

− The lack of control over who can access the internet. This is the first point that you’re able to make, and it becomes the overall basic outline of an answer; the point can be extended upon by talking about how the little to no control over who is able to access the internet, means that hackers are able to gain easy access to a network connection; often with very little restriction and with very little put in place to stop the user causing major damage.

− Lack of policing of documents and files on the internet. Very similar to the last point, and one that can be used to be the opening for other arguments within this topic, the little policing of the internet leads to files being spread that are labelled to be one thing, but are actually something else, in the case of cyber-attacks the something else will likely be a virus. These viruses can function in many ways, for example, the NHS was struck by a virus called a ‘Trojan-Horse’ which locks a user out of their system, and will only allow a user access if they pay a fee (the caveat of this virus being a user will often still be locked out of their system even after they have paid the fee). The problem with this is that it is impossible to police all the files that are uploaded to the internet due to the volume of uploads. This point of this is often broken down as an econometric problem, as users will point out that the number of people who would need to be employed to police something as global as the internet would cost beyond the budget that is given to any poling force in the world.

Example of recent Cyber-attacks

− NHS Trojan horse: This is the example that was given as part of the answer summary, and occurred when a low-level user on an NHS system received a virus that locked them out of their system, one of the problems of networks is that they allow the easy distribution of files through the network, meaning that once the virus was on the network, it was very easy for it to spread.

− Yahoo security breach: The final example of cyber-attacks within this topic was the breach of information that occurred when a user was able to use a hacking technique called ‘brute forcing’ (meaning a programme was created that would try to guess password of a given high level user i.e. a network manager over and over again until they gained access) by doing this the users were able to gain access to user information of over 1,000,000,000 users, which they would now be able to sell or user to try and find bank account details etc.

Cyber-attack model answer

When discussing control over the internet there is one overwhelming concern for some users, and this is that they may fall victim to a cyber-attack. The problem with cyber-attacks is that a lack of overall policing of the internet leads to hackers being able to gain access to user based networks that should be restricted, an example of this being the breach of privacy, when a hacker accessed all the user data of Yahoo account holders. The second problem is that files are able to be uploaded to the internet with no actual proof of function, meaning a file that says it will install ‘Microsoft Word’ may actually install a virus, like that see when the NHS was struck by a Trojan Horse attack, leading to a large and very serious delay in productivity.
Ieuan

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Censorship is the process of blocking certain information from being viewed or/and heard, and is usually information which is considered obscene, indecent or controversial.

Article 1

A child is more vulnerable to the effects of everything, including the internet. With the internet, children are more exposed than ever to the influence of ideas, opinions, values, and most prominently images, and all of this is given to the child without the knowledge or monitoring of the child’s parent.

Images can send an unhealthy message to children, e.g images of unnaturally slim and digitally enhanced, blemish-free women has evidence to show that it can have a negative impact on self-esteem and in cases been linked to the development of eating disorders (but these images still aren’t considered ‘inappropriate’).

Real-time censorship: When a parent mediates and filters what they see and hear within reason, meaning that online computers must be within eyesight and earshot at all times. However, this generation of parents are failing to complete this because they are either afraid of confrontation or are on the internet themselves.

Article 2

Argument for censorship:

There is a need for censorship because young people shouldn’t be exposed to disturbing content online.

The majority of today’s parents know less about technology than their own children, so they have very little control to what their children are able to access.

Pornography isn’t the only inappropriate material online, there is also material about;

Self-harming

Anorexia

Bomb-making

Suicides

One way of enforcing censorship; ISPs offering filters for adult sites and allowing individuals to block sites depending on certain content. This has been accomplished by TalkTalk with their ‘HomeSafe’ service. However, this system should be extended to mobile internet providers.

Another way is by separately explicit content from the standard ‘.co.uk’ or ‘.com’ Top Level Domains. ‘.xxx’ already exists for pornography websites.

Argument against censorship:

Tech-literate teenagers know their way around restrictions.

It runs the risk of blocking harmless and useful content.

However in places such as China where there is full censorship, their government monitors the information they can access.

Article 3

In July 2013, David Cameron called for censorship in the UK to protect children from accessing legal pornography in order to stop ‘corruption of childhood’.

Shaunna and Yasmin

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Social media is being used by young people to incite and plan violent and sexual crime.

Serious violent assaults are taking place after young people have argued and they engage in personal abuse with each other via the internet.

Cases include victims of blackmail who have been previously pressurised to upload indecent images and gangs posting videos to appeal for members, to stake their territory and challenge other gangs.

Youth offending teams are failing to keep up with the use of social media to plot crime by those aged 10 and 18. The Youth justice board said:”We are aware of the risks associated with social media, and have already issued new guidance support youth offending teams in tackling this issue.”

One example of inciting crime is from an article saying” Twitter troll jailed for 56 days after mocking tragic Bolton midfielder Muamba”. A student mocked Muamba on twitter after he collapsed during a match from suffering a cardiac arrest and has been jailed for inciting racial hatred.

Another example is the London riots: how blackberry messenger played a key role.

Sylvie and Hannah

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5 unethical uses of computers•Identity theft and fraud•Digital piracy•Financial theft and fraud•Information theft•Disruption to computers or services

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5 unethical uses of computers•Identity theft and fraud•Digital piracy•Financial theft and fraud•Information theft•Disruption to computers or services

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chloe, ffion

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Unethical behaviour in a workplace - Defined as any action that does not conform with the standards of conduct established by organisation. Unethical behaviour can occur in the relationships between employees. These violations of ethical use of computer technology billions of dollars per year.  Examples of Inappropriate computer use-Employees can use company computers to engage in this behaviour. Example, employee who is not permitted to use internet for personal reasons commits an unethical act by shopping online whilst in work. Less productive to businesses, Time Misuse- “Stealing” time from the company, company is compensating employees and receiving no productivity in return. Time misuse can consist of extending breaks beyond the allotted time, falsifying time sheets, coming into work late or leaving early and running personal errands while traveling on company business.Sexual harassment and bullying- Unethical behaviour by sexually harassing co workers. Could involve making lewd comments, touching inappropriately or making unwanted sexual advances. Bullying typically involves attempting to intimidate a co worker by making demeaning comments about him or verbal or physical threats. 

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Unethical behaviour in a workplace - Defined as any action that does not conform with the standards of conduct established by organisation. Unethical behaviour can occur in the relationships between employees. These violations of ethical use of computer technology billions of dollars per year.  Examples of Inappropriate computer use-Employees can use company computers to engage in this behaviour. Example, employee who is not permitted to use internet for personal reasons commits an unethical act by shopping online whilst in work. Less productive to businesses, Time Misuse- “Stealing” time from the company, company is compensating employees and receiving no productivity in return. Time misuse can consist of extending breaks beyond the allotted time, falsifying time sheets, coming into work late or leaving early and running personal errands while traveling on company business.Sexual harassment and bullying- Unethical behaviour by sexually harassing co workers. Could involve making lewd comments, touching inappropriately or making unwanted sexual advances. Bullying typically involves attempting to intimidate a co worker by making demeaning comments about him or verbal or physical threats. 

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chloe,ffion

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There is no ownership of the Internet as a whole,  this is because ........
As a result of this, control of the internet proves to be extremely difficult and as a result  there are many activities, which are undertaken on the internet, which prove to be of major concern.  For example .........

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44% of parents with children aged 8-11 admit their children know more about the internet than they do. 63% of parents with children aged 12-15. 18% of 12-15 year olds are capable of bypassing security filters.               It is now more common for people to come into school to show young people, ways to avoid inappropriate use of the internet. BE SMART for example, gives young children chance to talk to advisors about their misuse of the internet (being pressured to do things).                 There is a mobile app created by BE SMART for parents to use to track what their children are doing on their devices, for example their internet history and websites that they have accessed, can monitor their texts. Todays teenagers are becoming more vulnerable as they are losing control of the image and videos they are being exposed to. Police school liaison officers recommend pupils / teenagers / parents to look at the THINKUKNOW and Childnet websites for more information about the dangers of social media and they illustrate how the police do take these matters very seriously.

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44% of parents with children aged 8-11 admit their children know more about the internet than they do. 63% of parents with children aged 12-15. 18% of 12-15 year olds are capable of bypassing security filters.               It is now more common for people to come into school to show young people, ways to avoid inappropriate use of the internet. BE SMART for example, gives young children chance to talk to advisors about their misuse of the internet (being pressured to do things).                 There is a mobile app created by BE SMART for parents to use to track what their children are doing on their devices, for example their internet history and websites that they have accessed, can monitor their texts. Todays teenagers are becoming more vulnerable as they are losing control of the image and videos they are being exposed to. Police school liaison officers recommend pupils / teenagers / parents to look at the THINKUKNOW and Childnet websites for more information about the dangers of social media and they illustrate how the police do take these matters very seriously.

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shannon, sophie and ellie

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Internet Articles: Policing The policing group in the UK devote their time catching paedophile gangs andcybercriminals; this was launched by Home Secretary Jack Straw. Groups who aim to curb hi-tech crime and the worrying trend of paedophile activityon the Internet are law enforcement agencies and members of the IT industry. The National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (or the NHTCU) will concentrate on trappingmembers from paedophile gangs (for example the Wonderland Club). Sevenmembers from this gang were recently arrested. The 80-strong group of officers can also track down on people using the Internet forfraud and other Internet crimes. Members who take part in the NHTCU include National Crime Squad experts, theNational Crime Intelligence Service, HM Customs and Excise, police forces, and the ITindustry. The government has committed to ensuring safe and secure online environmentsusing NHTCU. This is shown by the “cash injection” of £25 million, which wasannounced last year. This will improve the technical capability of the police forces to detect andinvestigate hi-tech crime; but, it can also offer opportunities for criminals, fromthose involved in financial to paedophilia activities.

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Internet Articles: Policing The policing group in the UK devote their time catching paedophile gangs andcybercriminals; this was launched by Home Secretary Jack Straw. Groups who aim to curb hi-tech crime and the worrying trend of paedophile activityon the Internet are law enforcement agencies and members of the IT industry. The National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (or the NHTCU) will concentrate on trappingmembers from paedophile gangs (for example the Wonderland Club). Sevenmembers from this gang were recently arrested. The 80-strong group of officers can also track down on people using the Internet forfraud and other Internet crimes. Members who take part in the NHTCU include National Crime Squad experts, theNational Crime Intelligence Service, HM Customs and Excise, police forces, and the ITindustry. The government has committed to ensuring safe and secure online environmentsusing NHTCU. This is shown by the “cash injection” of £25 million, which wasannounced last year. This will improve the technical capability of the police forces to detect andinvestigate hi-tech crime; but, it can also offer opportunities for criminals, fromthose involved in financial to paedophilia activities.

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Owain & Ethan

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Plagiarism is using someone else’s material as your own. For example; using a copied paragraph of text from a website, without acknowledging the original author. Plagiarism can have consequences within school or work environments, where it may be believed that an individual has stronger skills than they actually have, leading to a higher grade they are not fully worthy of.  Using someone’s work isn’t always plagiarism however, it is possible to use text from someone’s research or a previous essay, but have the text in quotation marks; showing that it is not the work of your own. Footmarks can also be used as references as to where the information was found.

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Plagiarism is using someone else’s material as your own. For example; using a copied paragraph of text from a website, without acknowledging the original author. Plagiarism can have consequences within school or work environments, where it may be believed that an individual has stronger skills than they actually have, leading to a higher grade they are not fully worthy of.  Using someone’s work isn’t always plagiarism however, it is possible to use text from someone’s research or a previous essay, but have the text in quotation marks; showing that it is not the work of your own. Footmarks can also be used as references as to where the information was found.

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Megan Ball