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Discovery of the Malaria Parasite (1880) Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, a French army surgeon stationed in Constantine, Algeria, was the first to notice parasites in the blood of a patient suffering from malaria. This occurred on the 6th of November 1880. For his discovery, Laveran was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907,

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The CDC notes that the symptoms of malaria were described in ancient Chinese medical writings. In 2700 BC, several characteristic symptoms of what would later be named malaria were described in the Nei Ching, The Canon of Medicine). Nei Ching was edited by Emperor Huang Ti. Malaria became widely recognized in Greece by the 4th century BCE, and it was responsible for the decline of many of the city-state populations. Hippocrates noted the principal symptoms. By the age of Pericles, there were extensive references to malaria in the literature and depopulation of rural areas was recorded. In the Susruta, a Sanskrit medical treatise, the symptoms of malarial fever were described and attributed to the bites of certain insects. A number of Roman writers attributed malarial diseases to the swamps.

In China, during the second century BCE, the Qinghao plant (Artemisia annua) was described in the medical treatise, 52 Remedies, found in the Mawangdui Tomb. In the United States, this plant is known as the annual or sweet wormwood. In 340 CE, the antifever properties of Qinghao were first described by Ge Hong of the East Yin Dynasty. The active ingredient of Qinghao, known as artemisinin, was isolated by Chinese scientists in 1971. Derivatives of this extract, known collectively as artemisinins, are today very potent and effective antimalarial drugs, especially in combination with other medicines.

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The genus name for the single-celled parasite that causes malaria is Plasmodium. Plasmodium has five species that can infect humans are: Plasmodium falciparum (the most deadly kind), Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi. I will focus on Plasmodium malariae ,

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The single-celled parasite, Plasmodium malariae causes the disease MALARIA. Malaria  can be classified as uncomplicated or severe. In general, malaria is a can be treated and even cured  if diagnosed correctly and treated promptly .

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The CDC describes these as the more commonly observed symptoms:

Fever

Chills

Sweats

Headaches

Nausea and vomiting

Body aches

General malaise

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The CDC suggests: if you are traveling to take prescription medicine

Prevent mosquito bites:

Cover exposed skin try wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.

Using insect repellent .

Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection. Use products with the following active ingredients:

DEET

Picaridin

Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or PMD

IR3535

Always follow product directions and reapply as directed

Stay and sleep in screened or air conditioned rooms.

Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

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Malaria exist in Africa, Central and South America, parts of the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the South Pacific .People spending time outdoors, (sleeping outside) are at higher risk for malaria.

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Malaria is spread through mosquito bites.

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Most drugs used in treatment are active against the parasite forms in the blood (the form that causes disease) and include:

chloroquine

atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®)

artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®)

mefloquine (Lariam®)

quinine

quinidine

doxycycline (used in combination with quinine)

clindamycin (used in combination with quinine)

artesunate (not licensed for use in the United States, but available through the CDC malaria hotline)