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The issue over whether congress could regulate trade, Northern States said they could, The Southern States said they couldn't, The outcome was that Congress could regulate trade, No export tax, and No limit on slave trade for 20 years

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It was a compromise between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan that breaks the legislative branch into two parts the House of Rep. and the Senate and the Senate has 2 delegates from each state and the House of Rep. is based on population for more delegates

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It was a proposal that says every state gets two delegates in Congress

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a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. ... In 1806, France passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, like the U.S., and Britain

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The leading southern politician of the early nineteenth century; he served as vice president under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson and then was elected senator from South Carolina. Calhoun championed slavery and states' rights

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A war between Britain and the United States fought between 1812 and 1815. The War of 1812 has also been called the second American war for independence

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four bills passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798

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a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War. ... It led to the undeclared Quasi-war

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of or relating to a major American political party of the early 19th century favoring a strict interpretation of the Constitution to restrict the powers of the federal government and emphasizing states' rights.

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a commercial bank that is chartered by the federal government and is a member of the Federal Reserve System

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n United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr

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A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party. Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison. He also established the Democratic-Republican party with James Madison

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tariffs that are enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry. Tariffs are also imposed in order to raise government revenue or to reduce an undesirable activity

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A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. It was drafted by the Constitutional Convention and later supplemented by the Bill of Rights and other amendments

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The Constitution is comprised of a preamble, seven articles and 27 amendments ( last addition in 1992).

The first three articles of the Constitution sets up the federal system by dividing power between three branches of government - the legislative, executive and judicial. The Fourth and Tenth Amendments insure states' rights and separate the federal and state governments.

Federal powers listed in the Constitution include the right to collect taxes, declare war and regulate trade. The federal government has implied powers that allow the government to respond to changing needs of the nation.

Reserved powers, as dictated by the Tenth Amendment, belong to the states or the people. State powers include the right to legislate on divorce, marriage and education. The right to own property and the right to be tried by a jury are powers reserved for the people.

In some cases, there are concurrent powers, where both the federal and state governments may act. The federal government has authority in case of a conflict.

Final authority in the interpretation of the Constitution lies with the Supreme Court. It can overturn any law that conflicts with any part of the Constitution.

The Constitutional Convention:
May 25, 1787 - The Constitutional Convention meets in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation. They decide instead to write the Constitution of the United States, and hold secret meetings with sentries posted outside the doors.

Twelve of the 13 states send delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Rhode Island does not send delegates because it does not want a national government to interfere with its affairs.

George Washington serves as president of the convention. Other delegates include: Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Dickinson, Gouverneur Morris, Edmund Randolph, Roger Sherman, James Wilson and George Wythe.

The oldest delegate is Benjamin Franklin, 81, of Pennsylvania and the youngest is Jonathon Dayton, 26, of New Jersey.

September 17, 1787 - Thirty-nine of the 55 delegates sign the Constitution of the United States. Each state holds a Constitutional Convention and once nine states ratify the Constitution, the new government can begin.

June 21, 1788 - New Hampshire is the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, therefore putting it into effect. However, New York and Virginia had not yet ratified the Constitution and these states' acceptance was necessary for the Constitution to work.

June 25, 1788 - Virginia ratifies the Constitution.

July 26, 1788 - New York ratifies the Constitution.

Bill of Rights:
The promise of a Bill of Rights helped the Constitution get ratified in several important states.

The amendments in the Bill of Rights were written to protect individual liberties against possible unjust rule by the national government.

James Madison suggested 15 amendments; Congress accepted 12 to be submitted to the states. Ten were approved by the states and added to the Constitution as the Bill of Rights.

December 15, 1791 - The Bill of Rights goes into effect.

Constitutional Amendments:
An amendment may be proposed by two-thirds of each house of Congress, or by a national convention called by Congress in response to requests by two-thirds of the state legislatures.

It becomes part of the Constitution after being ratified either by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states or by conventions in three-fourths of the states.

Congress decides which form of ratification should be used and how much time the states have to consider each amendment.

The process of amending the Constitution was designed to be difficult.

Amendments:
Amendment 1 - Freedom of religion, speech, and the press; rights of assembly and petition - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 2 - Right to bear arms - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 3 - Housing of soldiers - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 4 - Search and arrest warrants - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 5 - Rights in criminal cases - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 6 - Rights to a fair trial - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 7 - Rights in civil cases - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 8 - Bails, fines and punishments - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 9 - Rights retained by the people - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 10 - Powers retained by the states and the people - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified December 15, 1791

Amendment 11 - Lawsuits against states - proposed March 4, 1794; ratified February 7, 1795

Amendment 12 - Election of the president and vice president - proposed December 9, 1803; ratified July 27, 1804

Amendment 13 - Abolition of slavery - proposed January 31, 1865; ratified December 5, 1865

Amendment 14 - Civil rights - proposed June 13, 1866; ratified July 9, 1868

Amendment 15 - Black suffrage - proposed February 26, 1869; ratified February 3, 1870

Amendment 16 - Income taxes - proposed July 12, 1909; ratified February 3, 1913

Amendment 17 - Direct election of senators - proposed May 13, 1912; ratified April 8, 1913

Amendment 18 - Prohibition of liquor - proposed December 18, 1917; ratified December 16, 1919

Amendment 19 - Woman suffrage - proposed June 4, 1919; ratified August 18, 1920

Amendment 20 - Terms of the president and Congress - proposed March 2, 1932; ratified January 23, 1933

Amendment 21 - Repeal of prohibition - proposed February 20, 1933; ratified December 5, 1933

Amendment 22 - Limitation of presidents to two terms - proposed March 24, 1947; ratified February 27, 1951

Amendment 23 - Suffrage in the District of Columbia - proposed June 16, 1960; ratified March 21, 1961

Amendment 24 - Poll taxes - proposed August 27, 1962; ratified January 23, 1964

Amendment 25 - Presidential disability and succession - proposed July 6, 1965; ratified February 10, 1967

Amendment 26 - Suffrage for 18-year-olds - proposed March 23, 1971; ratified July 1, 1971

Amendment 27 - Congressional salaries - proposed September 25, 1789; ratified May 7, 1992

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The Constitution is comprised of a preamble, seven articles and 27 amendments ( last addition in 1992). The first three articles of the Constitution sets up the federal system by dividing power between three branches of government - the legislative, executive and judicial.

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a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.

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is where governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism. The Magna Carta and the United States Constitution represent important milestones in the limiting of governmental power

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counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups

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an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies

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a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. The United States government functions according to the principles of federalism. The U.S. political system evolved from the philosophy of federalism.

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the sovereignty of the peoples' rule, is part of the seven principle, that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.

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the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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someone who wanted a weak central government

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a member of a major political party in the early years of the U.S. that wanted a strong central government.

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the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.

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It was a compromise between southern and northern states that states that every 3 out of 5 slaves are counted toward the population

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The court systems of local, state, and federal governments, responsible for interpreting the laws passed by the legislative branch and enforced by the executive branch. ... The ultimate court of appeals is the Supreme Court

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the branch of government having the power to make laws
EX: Senate and The House of Representative

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The branch of government charged with the execution and enforcement of laws and policies and the administration of public affairs
EX: president, vice president and cabinet members

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a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch and the amount of delegates you got was how big is your population

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a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation

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The Slave Trade Compromise resolved the controversial issue of Commerce relating to the Slave Trade that emerged at the Constitutional Convention. ... A compromise was reached by stating that Congress could not prohibit the slave trade until 1808, but imported slaves could be taxed

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Columbia is the second capital of SC after Charleston. It was moved because UC wanted more representation in the government but they didn't want to travel to Charleston

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An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786. Shays's followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system

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an early American statesman of South Carolina, Revolutionary War veteran, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He was twice nominated by the Federalist Party as its presidential candidate in 1804 and 1808, losing both elections.

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an American merchant, slave trader, and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, Laurens succeeded John Hancock as President of the Congress

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the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789

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a government wherein all the attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others, who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their stead.

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the government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government