# data[].attributes.body
1. Women granted more freedom under the rule of Mao Zedong.
2. Apartheid is struck down in South Africa.
3. Women have gained the right to vote in many areas of the world.
4. Equal rights are starting to unfold in many areas of the world as well

# data[].attributes.body
1. Creation of OPEC
2 Creation of NATO
3. The Great Depression affecting nation worldwide.
4. China's economy as a strict communist command economy

# data[].attributes.body
1. Concept of Zionism used to establish the Jewish nation of Israel.
2. Muslim Pakistan created
3. Rwanda ethnic genocide
4. Apartheid in South
Africa

# data[].attributes.body
1. Instantaneous access to a wider range of music art literature and info
2. English spread around the globe as a language of business and communication.
3.   Convergence of cultures through globalization.
4. Zionism used to create Jewish nation.

# data[].attributes.body
1900 C.E- Present

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Increase in size of industrial working class in industrialized economies.
2.  Young women recruited to
work in textile factories.
3. Nobility losing privileges in Industrialized countries.
4. Growing middle class in growing industrialized economies.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems 

# data[].attributes.body
1. British and French expanding influence in China through the Opium Wars.
2. The British and the United States investing heavily in Latin America
3. The Industrial Revolution
4. Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and southeast Asia became highly dependent on one cash crop - such as sugar, cotton, and rubber.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 3- State Building Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 3- State Building Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.body
1. Unification of Italy
2. Unification of Germany
3.Opium Wars
4. The Boxer Rebellion

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 2- Development and Interactions of Culture

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 2- Development and Interactions of Culture

# data[].attributes.body
1.  justified anti-imperialism
2. justified the formation of new national identities
3. facilitated the trade of trans-oceanic empires
4. Social Darwinism

# data[].attributes.body
1. Start of the Green Revolution.
2. Petroleum Cartel is formed- OPEC
3. Iraq oil greed as a cause for the Persian Golf War.
4. localized pollution and waste management .

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and Enviornment 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and Enviornment 

# data[].attributes.body
1. migrations from America to Europe to Asia
2. European Imperialism In India
3. European Imperialism in China
4. Japanese Imperialism

# data[].attributes.body
Industrialization and Global Integration 1750-1900

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Rank in society in society sometimes based on ethnicity.
2. economic classes formed
3. nuclear families grow in importance in Europe
4. Powerful women took charge of powerful empires during this time, like in Elizabeth I of England.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.body
1. Dutch East Indian Company controlled routes to the Spice Islands.
2. African Slave trade as a negative impact for the greed for money.
3. The Encomienda System created
4. Joint stock companies created in order to pull the resources of many merchants.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict 

# data[].attributes.body
1. European exploration limited to land travel.
2. Portugal led the way in search of new and efficient trade routes on the seas.
3. Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored east African kingdoms, and went all the way to India to establish trade relations.
4.Christopher Columbus sailed and found Cuba and the Islands that came be to be known as the West Indies.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 2-  Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 2-  Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Protestant Reformation in regards of the power of the church under feudalism.
2. Enlightenment ideas as intellectual and philosophical movement.
3. Catholic reformation as a counter effect to Protestant reformation.
4. Lutheran Branch of Christianity created.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Enviornment

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Enviornment

# data[].attributes.body
1. New animals, foods, and people were imported and exported.
2. Diseases and guns spread around the world, taking a toll on the native americans.
3. Corn, gold, silver, guns, ivory, pepper, sweet potatoes, horses, hogs, dogs, smallpox, rum, coffee, slaves and all sorts of other things were tossed around between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas through the Columbian Exchange.
4. Little Ice age that affected the whole world.

# data[].attributes.body
Early Modern Period
(1450 CE to 1750)

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5-  Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5-  Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Feudalism causes strict hierarchy in Europe ( king, nobles, vassals, and peasants)
2. In Aztec social structure was also strict ( warriors, peasants, and slaves)
3. Women had a subordinate role in Aztec life but could not inherit property
4. Customs of foot-binding in neo-Confucianism China is established

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 4- Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aztecs set up a tribute system, in which neighboring states must pay heavy taxes and provide them with certain luxury goods at Tenochititlan.
2. The Trans-Saharan Trade routes between west Africa and the Islamic Empire
3. The Hanseatic League in which cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia establish a commercial alliance.
4. Mediterranean Trade between western Europe, the Byzantine Empire, and the Islamic Empire.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Roman Empire divides ( Eastern governed out of Byzantium and practices Orthodox Christianity, while the Western Empire is governed in Rome and practices Roman Catholicism)
2. The classical Roman Empire falls due to invasions from Germanic Tribes.
3. The Franks are united under King Clovis, who builds a large empire through present- day Germany to France.
4. Conflict between the amount of power King John, in which he is forced to sign the Magna Carta, which establishes limited government

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Development of Islam in the Middle East as a monotheistic religion
2. Separate branch of Christianity called Orthodox Christianity is created.
3. Neo- Cofucianism is practicied in China , where Confucianism philospphy is paired with Buddhist ideas of the soul and the individual
4. Japan prated Shinto religion in which they thrived to be apart of the kami by following certain rituals and customs.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Enviornment

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Enviornment

# data[].attributes.body
1. Europe- three-field system
2. Aztecs- Chinampas
3. China- terrace farming and champa rice
4. Spread of Crops: Rice , cotton, sugarcane, and citrus fruits

# data[].attributes.body
Post-Classical Period
(600 CE to 1450)

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures 

# data[].attributes.body
1. In Rome and Greece there were strict patriarchal social divisions.
2. In China there was  strict social order and guidelines for virtuous behavior.
3. In India a strict caste system was set in place as a result of the Hindu religion.
4. In China only the upper class was educated in arts and literature,.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 4 - Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 4 - Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

# data[].attributes.body
1.Chinese Silk produced during the Han Dynasty for Export to Societies in the West.
2. Han Dynasty developed windmills and wheelbarrows.
3. Greece exchanged wine and olive products for grain.
4. Maya creates 365- day solar calendar

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.body
1. Emperor Qin  Shihuangdi, the first Emperor of China,  who unified China for the first time, beginning the lasting trend of empire in China.
2. Conflicts between China and nomadic invaders from the North such as the Huns.
3. The Punic War between Carthage and Romes, due to Roman expansion.
4. The fall of the Gupta Empire due to invasions from the White Huns.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Confucian documents of the Han dynasty show components of Chinese cultural identity.
2. Religious diversity begins to emerge (etc. Christianity and paganism in the Roman Empire)
3. Greek Mythology creates a polytheistic religion that demonstrate myths surrounds gods.
4. Zoroastrianism becomes the first monotheistic religion.

# data[].attributes.body
Classical Period (600 BCE- 600 CE)

# data[].attributes.body
River Valley Civilizations Era (3000 BCE-600 BCE)

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 2- Development and Interaction of Cultures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Shang religion believed that the gods controlled all aspects of peoples' lives.
2. The city states of Mesopotamia building large temples, Ziggurats
3. Surplus of food allowed for the promotion of the arts that gave sense of identity to certain groups and individuals.
4. Creation of writing systems such as Cuneiform from Mesopotamia.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 3- State Building, Expansion and Conflict

# data[].attributes.body
1. First Empire Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) c.2260-2223 BCE
2. Babylon falling due to invasions of the Hiities.
3. Assyrians established a capital at Nineveh end eventually an empire that swept across the  Fertile Crescent.
4. The Shang Dynasty controlled the Yellow River Valley from 1600-1100 BCE

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 4-  Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 4-  Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Bartering of grains and crops due to food surplus.
2. Wheat and Barley were the main crop traded within Mesopotamia and outside its borders.
3. Egypt became dependent on trade because its people needed constant timber and stone.
4. Shang created bronze works and used horse-drawn chariots.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Environment 

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Environment 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Further modification of the environment made possible by the abundance of new tools and domestic animals.
2. Horse drawn carriages of the Han dynasty demonstrated the transfer of species into new environments by human activity.
3. Farm Plots for wet rice cultivation and terracing.
4. Early Civilizations developed large-scale farming which led to a stable food supply.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 1- Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

# data[].attributes.body
1. Nomadic people hunted and gathered to sustain small bands of people that they traveled with.
2. Irrigation in the Nile river valley by Egypt.
3. Exploiting environment as farmers or pastoralists.
4. Cultivating land for farming.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5- Development and Transformation of Social Structures

# data[].attributes.body
1. Creation of a hierarchical societies due to surplus of food which allowed the establishment of villages.
2. The top of the pyramid in Egypt was the pharaoh.
3.  Partriarchal structure was the main basis of society in the Zhou and Shang dynasties.
4. Aryan caste systems created and added social classes to Indus River Valley civilization civilization.