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November 2008: Yellow Shirts occupy two airports, causing flights to cancel

March 14, 2010: Tens of thousands of Red Shirt protesters in center of Bangkok

Impact on tourism:
The cost of the political turmoil has yet to be tallied, but more than 70 charter flights hauling tourists from China have been canceled.

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Intro:  It was a continuation of the 2005–2006 political crisis, when PAD protested against the Thai Rak Thai(TRT) party government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, but worser.

Impact on Tourism:

As PAD was attacked, it stepped up its protests by seizing the government's temporary offices at Don Mueang Airport, and the seizure and closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport after the arrest of Chamlong Srimuang, one of its leaders.

What happened afterwards:

-hotel occupancy in Bangkok had dropped by at least 30% for this time of year.

-Foreign faces on the streets are few — more than 40 countries have now issued travel advisories against coming to Bangkok

-the mood in the tourism industry is grim

-The government's damage control campaign had appeared to be paying off, as foreign arrivals rose 17.5% year-on-year for March

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Introduction:
- Considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
- Began in 2007 with a crisis in the subprime mortgage market in the US, which developed into a full-blown international banking crisis with the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008, magnifying the financial impact globally.
- The crisis was followed by a global economic downturn, the Great Recession.
- The European debt crisis, a crisis in the banking system of the European countries using the euro, followed later.

Impact on tourism:
- Romania registered the lowest percentage of nights spent by nonresidents (16%), followed by Germany (21%), Sweden (23%), Finland (30%) and Poland (31%). This is a decrease of nonresident spending nights from the previous year of 5.7% when the foreigners accounted for 18% of the nights spent (3.5 mn in 2007 and 3.3 mn in 2008).

-  For the near term many companies have cut down their budgets for business travel by as much as 30%, affecting in turn the hotel business; also the leisure budgets are expected to dwindle. As a result, the most optimistic estimations of profit and turnover are thrown back to the 2007 level.

-  In the first six months of the year, tourism agencies recorded sales drop over the values estimated at the beginning of 2009. According to some sources Romanian tourism saw a staggering 40% drop comparative to the same period of last year.

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Introduction:
FIFA  world cup is the quadrennial world championship for men's national football team  It was the 20th FIFA world cup that took place from 12 June to 13 July. It was also the second time that Brazil staged the competition and Germany was the overall champion.

Impact on Tourism:
The host nation's Ministry of Tourism recorded nearly 6.5m tourists during 2014 with 217,003 travelling from the UK, up from 169,732 in 2013
What happened afterwards?
Tourists arrivals decreased,   the Ministry of Tourism reported that tourism and investment would bring $13.5 billions in  citizens’ pockets in 2014.The boost was not to be seen as a simple short-term effect as the World Cup, according to Rebelo, Minister of Sport, would result in extra $90 billions revenues over 10 years.

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Introduction:
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake shook northeastern Japan, unleashing a big tsunami.
The tsunami was up to 40.5 m and caused  15,894 deaths, 6,156 to be injured and 2,546 people missing.

IMPACTS ON TOURISM
The disaster  massively affect tourism, for reasons such as; they can decline the number of tourist visiting the area, there is a decrease in money being spent in an area due to lack of visitors, as it can destroy natural environments and things that the industry relies on, they can also have a huge effect on public transport links, which prevents people from travelling within the area, so this will lead to a decline in domestic tourism

What happened afterwards:
The foreign visitor numbers in June and July were 36% lower than for the same period in 2010. In comparison, visitor numbers fell 62% in April and 50% in May year-on-year. Japan had to spend $360 billion USD on recovery. Although during then it badly affected the tourism, the tourist arrivals have slowly increased up till now.

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Timeline:
November 2008: Yellow Shirts occupy two airports, stranding thousands of passengers as flights are canceled

April 2009: Two people are killed and at least 135 wounded in riots when anti-government protesters clash with demonstrators supporting the government.

March 14, 2010: Tens of thousands of Red Shirt protesters pour into the center of Bangkok, bringing the city to a virtual standstill in an effort to topple the Thai government.

April 10, 2010: Military and police forces use tear gas and rubber bullets to contain protesters who are trying to break into military barracks; the clashes injure more than 850 people and kill 25

April 18, 2010: Thai military stations about 1,500 troops along a Bangkok road as Red Shirt protesters occupy a downtown shopping district and threaten to expand into they city's financial center

May 12, 2010: Government says it will shut off power, cut supplies and seal off the central Bangkok intersection where Red Shirt protesters have amassed after demonstrators disregard an ultimatum from Abhisit to vacate the area

Impact on tourism:
the country could lose two percentage points off its projected 5% GDP growth for the year if order is not rapidly restored. The cost of the political turmoil has yet to be tallied, but more than 70 charter flights hauling tourists from China have been canceled.

Account for impact on tourism:
Due to the protests of the red shirt, the airport was closed down and flights were cancelled. As a result tourists were unable to enter Thailand. Also, there was a lot of political unrest and riots ongoing in Thailand during that period resulting in a lot of bloodshed, which deters tourists from entering Thailand

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Introduction:
The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorists attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.

Impact:
- 9/11 terrorist attacks affected tourists' decisions to rather visit countries which were far away from the North America region due to the safety concern. There was also a severe tourism arrivals downturn experienced in many Muslim countries as people shunned the identity of Muslims.
- In contrast, some countries continued to gain a higher number of tourists, including Turkey (+12%), Croatia (+12%), Bulgaria (+14%). One of the reasons for these statistics can be that international tourists (mostly European tourists) redirected their 12 goals towards the Mediterranean region .
-Economic losses: The US tourism industry reported a 2 billion US dollar loss in the first two weeks after the terrorist act. The employment rate fell by 5%. Domestic airlines lost over 100 million US dollars. The severe drop in tourism expenditure resulted in a GDP loss of 27.27 billion dollars

Recovery: It took 3 years (2004) for carriers to once again reach the 56 million mark.

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The SARS virus originated from neighbouring country China’s Guangdong province before spreading to Hong Kong in late February. The epidemic had a negatively profound impact on tourism around the world, with particularly strong impacts on countries in South-East Asia.

Hong Kong’s Hotel occupancy rate dropped from 82% to 15%.

Border travel and tourism economy growth slowed down from 5% to 2.9%.

Singapore was also another country impacted by the SARS outbreak.

The Singapore Tourism Board said that visitor numbers between April 22 2003 and April 28 2003 had fallen to 32,800 down 74% on the same period.

Hotel Occupancy Rates in Singapore are reported to have fallen to about 25% fom a usual average 70% in 2003.

Dutch airline KLM said passenger numbers on its Asia-Pacific routes fell 24% IN April compared with 2002.

AFTERWARDS

The amount of tourism slowly increased after the sars epidemic.

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| Introduction: In 2010, the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano caused the tourist to decrease in the area. It created many disturbance to air traffic as well as other forms of transportation problems. The eruption also caused air pollution, thus there will be a drop in the number of tourist as they are concerned over their health. This caused a lot of economic damages to Iceland.   Impact on Tourism this shows that the air is severely polluted and it will be a health hazard. this shows that the air pollution is affecting the air traffic as the planes cannot fly under such circumstances. this shows that the economic loss due to the devastating eruption   What happened afterwards Flights returned to normal and the city continued to attract many tourist.

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What happened after:

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First, EU citizens who live in Britain have kith and kin. At present more than a quarter of inbound arrivals are classed as VFRs – “visiting friends and relations”. Although such visitors spend less on average than “pure” tourists, they still leave behind around £5bn a year in payment for accommodation, travel within the UK, attractions, food and drink, etc, along with the associated tax contribution. If the number of foreigners working in Britain were to fall, then it is reasonable to expect a commensurate decline in tourism.

Second, many of the people working in UK tourism are from the EU, in particular Eastern Europe. If travel and hospitality businesses are unable easily to employ staff from such countries, they will not have such a big pool of talent from which to recruit, and may have to raise wages. While higher pay will be popular among workers in a traditionally low-paid industry, it will push up prices for tourists.

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Tourism and travel trade between the UK and EU has been facilitated by the free movement of goods and services, investment and people across the EU. A Brexit could jeopardise this free movement, and affect the flow of trade and travel. ... In the event of a Brexit, the value of sterling could be impacted.
Britain will still be expected to contribute to the EU budget and accept free movement of people. Immigration in this scenario would be controlled by London. There are many options between these two extremes, but the UK might not be able to pick and choose. Whatever the British government might like will need to be agreed by 27 other countries, each of which will hold a veto and might decide to put any agreement to a referendum of their own populations.  UK a cheaper destination to visit. Conversely, going abroad becomes more expensive for the British traveller, who will then holiday in Blackpool or Bournemouth rather than Benidorm or Barbados.

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Introduction  The Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland erupted , causing enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010. Additional localised disruption continued into Many 2010. The eruption was declared officially over in October 2010, when snow on the glacier did not melt.

Impact on Tourism  About 20 countries closed their airspace to commercial jet traffic and it affected approximately 10 million travellers. Consequently, a very high proportion of flight within, to, and from Europe were cancelled, creating the highest level of air travel disruption since World War II. The Eyjafjallajokull eruption of 2010 stranded millions of tourists worldwide as it grounded more than 100,000 flights over seven days because of concerns that its volcanic ash would damage aircraft engines. The Eyjafjallajokull eruption contributed to Iceland's current tourist BOOM.

What happened afterwards?   The international visitor to Iceland from 2010 to 2011 increased from 488,600 to 565,600, increasing by 77,000 visitors. It also had the fastest rate of growth in terms of international visitor count, increasing by 15.7%.  The lure of Iceland's rugged beauty has turned sleepy little Vik into a bustling hub for travellers. The town now has more than 1,600 hotel rooms, compared with 400 before the Eyjafjallajokull eruption. Tourism authorities responded with a clever advertising campaign, creating TV and online ads in which Icelanders and visitors described how they were “Inspired by Iceland.” News footage of lava-spewing craters helped make the country look cool and beautiful, with a hint of danger.  the International Air Transport Association(IATA) estimated the airline industry worldwide would lose £130 million ($200 million) a day as a result. IATA stated that the total loss for the airline industry was around US$1.7 billion (£1.1 billion, €1.3 billion).