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The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807.

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John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

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The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies.

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The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.

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The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War.

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The Democratic-Republican Party was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1791–1793 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party.

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A commercial bank that is chartered under the federal government and is a member of the Federal Reserve System.

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Alexander Hamilton was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution.

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Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.He later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Protective tariffs are tariffs that are enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry.

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The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government.

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Representative Democracy/ Republicanism  

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Representative Democracy/ Republicanism  

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Representative democracy (also indirect democracy, representative republic or psephocracy) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.

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Governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution.

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Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

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Federalism in the United States is the constitutional relationship between U.S. state governments and the Federal government of the United States.

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The principle of separation of powers states that the executive, legislative, and judiciary powers of government should be divided into different branches and not concentrated in one.

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Popular sovereignty, or the sovereignty of the people's rule, is part of the seven principle, that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.

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The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

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Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

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The Federalist Party was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816; its remnants lasted into the 1820s.

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Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal.

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The issue over whether congress could regulate trade, Northern States said they could, The Southern States said they couldn't, The outcome was that Congress could regulate trade, No export tax, and No limit on slave trade for 20 years.

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A compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention.

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The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.

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Headed by Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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The organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state. The executive executes and enforces law.

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An agreement that both large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States.

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A proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.

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A proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.

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A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.

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A compromise was reached by stating that Congress could not prohibit the slave trade until 1808, but imported slaves could be taxed. The free states of the North wanted Congress to have power to regulate commerce.

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Columbia is the capital city of South Carolina.

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An armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices.

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An American politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution, the 37th Governor of South Carolina, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives.

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An American merchant, slave trader, and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War.

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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

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Attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others, who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their stead.

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One of several extra-legal legislative bodies established in some of the Thirteen Colonies early in the American Revolution.