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Contents

1. First Red Scare: 1917-1920

2. Cold War Concerns About Communism

3. Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee

4. J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI

5. Hysteria and Growing Conservatism

6. Red Scare Impact

The Red Scare was hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, which intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s. (Communists were often referred to as "Reds" for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.) The Red Scare led to a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U.S. government and society. Federal employees were analyzed to determine whether they were sufficiently loyal to the government, and the House Un-American Activities Committee, as well as U.S. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, investigated allegations of subversive elements in the government and the Hollywood film industry. The climate of fear and repression linked to the Red Scare finally began to ease by the late 1950s.

First Red Scare: 1917-1920

In the United States, labor strikes were on the rise, and the press sensationalized them as being caused by immigrants bent on bringing down the American way of life. The Sedition Act of 1918 targeted people who criticized the government, monitoring radicals and labor union leaders with the threat of deportation.

The fear turned to violence with the 1919 anarchist bombings, a series of bombs targeting law enforcement and government officials. Bombs went off in a wide number of cities including Boston, Cleveland, Philadelphia, D.C., and New York City.

The first Red Scare climaxed in 1919 and 1920, when United States Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer ordered the Palmer raids, a series of violent law-enforcement raids targeting leftist radicals and anarchists. They kicked off a period of unrest that became known as the "Red Summer."

Cold War Concerns About Communism

Did you know? FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was quick to equate any kind of protest with communist subversion, including the civil rights demonstrations led by Martin Luther King Jr. Hoover labeled King a communist and covertly worked to intimidate and discredit the civil rights leader.

Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee

J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI

The information obtained by the FBI proved essential in high-profile legal cases, including the 1949 conviction of 12 prominent leaders of the American Communist Party on charges that they had advocated the overthrow of the government. Moreover, Hoover's agents helped build the case against Julius Rosenberg (1918-53) and his wife, Ethel Rosenberg (1915-53), who were convicted of espionage in 1951. The Rosenbergs were executed two years later.

Hysteria and Growing Conservatism

Public concerns about communism were heightened by international events. In 1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested a nuclear bomb and communist forces led by Mao Zedong (1893-1976) took control of China. The following year saw the start of the Korean War (1950-53), which engaged U.S. troops in combat against the communist-supported forces of North Korea. The advances of communism around the world convinced many U.S. citizens that there was a real danger of "Reds" taking over their own country. Figures such as McCarthy and Hoover fanned the flames of fear by wildly exaggerating that possibility.

As the Red Scare intensified, its political climate turned increasingly conservative. Elected officials from both major parties sought to portray themselves as staunch anticommunists, and few people dared to criticize the questionable tactics used to persecute suspected radicals. Membership in leftist groups dropped as it became clear that such associations could lead to serious consequences, and dissenting voices from the left side of the political spectrum fell silent on a range of important issues. In judicial affairs, for example, support for free speech and other civil liberties eroded significantly. This trend was symbolized by the 1951 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Dennis v. United States, which said that the free-speech rights of accused Communists could be restricted because their actions presented a clear and present danger to the government.

Red Scare Impact

Americans also felt the effects of the Red Scare on a personal level, and thousands of alleged communist sympathizers saw their lives disrupted. They were hounded by law enforcement, alienated from friends and family and fired from their jobs. While a small number of the accused may have been aspiring revolutionaries, most others were the victims of false allegations or had done nothing more than exercise their democratic right to join a political party.

Though the climate of fear and repression began to ease in the late 1950s, the Red Scare has continued to influence political debate in the decades since. It is often cited as an example of how unfounded fears can compromise civil liberties.
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First Red Scare: 1917-1920 Cold War Concerns About Communism Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI Hysteria and Growing Conservatism Red Scare Impact The Red Scare was hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S.

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The book called 1984 was written in 1949 by George Orwell. In 1949 many countries were recovering from WW2. The book talks about a big brother with a mustache that refers to Joseph Stalin. The book also talks about the use of atomic bomb as a weapon which refers to the cold war. Also, the book mentions that there were wars which I think refers to the WW2.
Joseph Stalin was a totalitarian government who controlled people just like in the book. Joseph Stalin sent people to prison for criticizing him, he did not give people freedom, he gave out propaganda, and he did not give people a private life. In the book, the Big brother is always watching you which means there is no privacy. Also, the big brother always gives false information to people which are propaganda. The Big brother kills and sends people to labor camps and on the slogan it says that freedom is slavery. All of this looks like what Stalin did.
Winston also mentions that 30 years Ago, London was bombed by an atomic bomb. This never happened in our history but we had the cold war. The cold war was an arms race for atomic bombs between the Soviet Union and the America. The author gave us a glimpse of what might have happened during that period. In the book, people suffered in many ways because of totalitarianism. In the history, people suffered totalitarianism too.

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Totalitarian government/society is usually ruled by a dictator that controls almost every aspect of a persons life and where there is no freedom. The author of 1984 is trying to tell us that this type of society is dangerous to the world and people will be treated badly when they practice this belief. Quote "...eighty-five percent of the population of Oceania..." # 69 this was when he said that there were 85% of Oceania were proles. Proles were the lowest type of social class that is poor. The author is saying that most of the population is poor because of totalitarian government. Quote from Syme on page 49 " It was a good hanging, " This shows us that the author is saying that there is no humanity in people.

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My ideal society is where everybody has equal opportunities, like free education and healthcare. Some can't afford a good education while others can but in my ideal society they can afford education. This will might make people have advancements in science and technology because people get more education. The medical bills are probably very expansive; it will be much better if the healthcare was free. With this ideal society, nobody would starve or be poor. You will have to contribute equally to the society.

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The theme is that: knowing how to manipulate information is power. With that power, you can control peoples thoughts and feelings. This appears throughout the story especially when Winston works in the Ministry of truth. There he changes the party's old words so they correspond to the changes that happened in the present. For Example, when Winston changed the name of the enemies that Oceania was fighting from Eurasia to Eastasia thought even before Oceania was always fighting Eastasia already. The best example is when on the party decreased the chocolate rations but said that it increased the chocolate ration and people believed in that. All of this showed me that information is power and with that power, you can manipulate people.

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A dystopian novel is a genre of science fiction that focuses on social and political aspects. Dystopia is a society is characterized by human misery, squalor, oppression.

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Julia and Winston like each other for some time.
Quotes
1)"I was a troop leader in the Spies... It's the only way to be safe." 122
2) "I love you" 108
Quote # 1 was when Julia was telling Winston of how she is safe from suspicion of the thought police. When she was in the society she was very patriotic of supporting the big brother. This shows us that she is deceiving. Because Winston actually thought she worked for the thought police.
Quote # 2 was when Julia handed a note to Winston with the words I love you. This clearly shows us that Julia is in love with Winston.

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Winston Smith is the protagonist of the book 1984.
Quotes
1)"He kicked the thing into the gutter, and then, to avoid the crowd, turned down a side street to the right" 84
2) "Rats!" murmured Winston. "In this room!" 144
Quote # 1 was when a rocket hit some houses and Winston saw a torn apart human hand. He kicked it into the gutters. That showed us that Winston is emotionless, because a normal person would have been frighten of ripped human hand.
Quote # 2 was when Winston was sleeping with Julia and a rat came out of it's hole. Winston was scared of the rat so he screamed. This tells us that Winston is afraid of rats. I think that scene was a foreshadowing of Winston getting tortured or something bad happening.

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By George Orwell