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-regions make up the nation
-gives people something to belong to
-gives the land character

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-immigration: bringing in citizens
-trade allows nations to make relationships with China
-cultural diffusion allows citizens to share ideas with surrounding countries

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-these landmasses influence where the citizens of China will live.
-people become proud when tourists come and visit their natural landmarks

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-traditions and the customs of the Chinese people make them love their country.
-NATIONALISM!!
-social classes give people something to belong to

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-great majority of population is Chinese= makes China an ethnically homogenous country.

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-Chinese eat American food (McDonalds)
-Nike:created in the U.S
-Chinese use a lot of brands made in the U.S.
-In America, we have adopted Chinese food
-fortune cookies
-idea of fast food restaurants = shared

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-lots of trade issues with the U.S.
-trade deficit of $347 billion
--U.S. blamed China for exporting cheaper goods in large quantities
- currency exchange rates
--China is a currency manipulator

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GDP: 11.2 Trillion (2016)
PPP: $23.12 trillion (2017)

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major imports:
-mineral fuels & oil
-iron ore
-copper and copper ore
-oil seeds
-coal
major exports:
-cotton (largest cotton spinner country)
-tea
-rice
-potatoes
-soybeans

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-stage 3
-birth rate is falling
-death rate is declining
-population growth rate is high still

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-southeastern part of country is most densely populated
-southwestern part is least densely populated (Himalayas and Gobi Desert)

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-Population | 1,379,302,771 (July 2017 est.)

Age structure |
0-14 years: 17.15% (male 127,484,177/female 109,113,241)
15-24 years: 12.78% (male 94,215,607/female 82,050,623)
25-54 years: 48.51% (male 341,466,438/female 327,661,460)
55-64 years: 10.75% (male 74,771,050/female 73,441,177)
65 years and over: 10.81% (male 71,103,029/female 77,995,969) (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios |
total dependency ratio: 37.7
youth dependency ratio: 24.3
elderly dependency ratio: 13.3
potential support ratio: 7.5
data do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan (2015 est.)

Median age |
total: 37.4 years
male: 36.5 years
female: 38.4 years (2017 est.)

Population growth rate | 0.41% (2017 est.)

Birth rate
| 12.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate | 7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Net migration rate | -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

-internal migration from rural to urban areas.
-3rd largest immigrant population to the United
States.
-destination country for transnational migrations
-more than 12,000 people migrate to China each year

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-4 Municipalities
--directly under the administration of the central government
-23 Provinces
---provinces appear as partners of the national government
-5 Autonomous Regions
--has more legislative rights; has higher population of particular ethnic group
-2 Special Administrative Regions
--specially established for solving Hong Kong and Macao issues;

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-China has 7 geographical regions
--Northeast China
---forested mountains; fertile plain; provide significant timber resources; most fertile agriculture land
--North China
---rocky coast of peninsula provides good natural harbors; contain country's main coal reserve
--Subtropical East Central China
---basins with fertile soils; intensive terraced farming; numerous offshore islands.
--Tropical South China
---luxuriant tropical vegetation;
--Inner Mongolian Grassland
---large coal reserves; "stony desert"
--Northwest China
---supports irrigated agriculture; fertile steppe soils
--The Tibetan Plateau
---highest peak in the world; salt lakes and salt marshes

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-pollution :(
--according to to the Environmental Protection Agency's air quality scale, if any pollution rating gets  higher than 300, people should not go outside. There were 19 days in one month where the pollution rating was over 300 in China.
--more than half of China's water is too polluted to be purified
--some water can't even be used for industrial purposes
-biodiversity ;(
--habitat loss caused by deforestation.
--cutting these trees down to grow bamboo farms or other businesses.
--the killings of nearly extinct animals are all caused by one driving force : the Chinese market
-incredible population growth
--over 1/7 of the Earth's people live in China.
--middle class people have adopted a Western-style consumer pattern.
--more and more people are driving their cars to a market to buy red meat.
--this causes severe health problems (pollution)

Overall, these people are not taking care of their home, and their home is reacting in reasonable ways.

-air is unable to be breathed
-water is not drinkable
-trees are being cut down at fast rates (less oxygen)

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-himalayas serve as home to more than 50 million people
-these people flourish off of the resources of the mountains
--coal
--mica
--gypsum
--graphite
--iron
--copper
--lead
--zinc
-rivers have potential for hydroelectric generation
-tea is grown in the hills
-people live in these mountains because of the numerous natural resources

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-Himalayan mountains were created at the collision zones of Nujiang and Yarlung Zangbo
-the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was created 240 million years ago by the subduction of the indian and asia plates.

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-world's largest economy
-lifted more people out of poverty than any other country ever has
-a strong decline of construction and manufacturing output caused the country's GDP to grow only 6.7%
-experiencing a growth slow down
-developing middle class consumers
-largest manufacturer
-fastest growing consumer market
-largest producer of agricultural products

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-Communist Government of the People's Republic
-four divisions

-legislative
--highest department (National People's Congress) -debate policy proposals and mediate discussions among every member

-executive
--State Council, Premier, and President (head of state for 5 year term) -manage the provincial governments and meet once every six months

-judiciary
--Supreme People’s Court, highest in the land
--Supreme People’s Procuratorate carries out investigations and prosecutions

-military
--Central Military Commission has 11 members.
--People’s Liberation Army, the People’s Liberation Army militia, and the People’s Armed Police.
--make decisions over deployment of armed forces

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-the communist party that rules the nation is atheist but is becoming more open to other religions
-There are 5 religions:
-Buddhism
-Taoism
-Islam
-Catholicism
-Protestantism
-any other religion is illegal, even though their constitution states that the people are allowed freedom of religion
-1/4 of the people practice Confucianism, Taoism, and other traditional religions
-small numbers are Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians.
-some Catholic and Protestant ministries have tried converting Chinese to their religions but have made little progress.

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-the art is extremely influenced by China's rich  mystical history.
-eastern style martial arts was created in China
-Ancient Chinese were known as writers and philosophers which is reflected in China's liturgical history.
-archaeologists have found diversified motifs and rich connotations in a 1,400 year old tomb. These things cannot be found in any other tombs during this period.

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-the largest festival, called the Spring Festival, marks the beginning of the lunar new year
-this time between mid-January and mid-February is a time to honor ancestors
-every single day of this 15 day celebration, the Chinese people eat rice congee and mustard greens to "cleanse the body". Fireworks and parades occur often as well.
-people often travel to Confucius' birthplace on his birthday, September 28, in Shandong Province.
-the goddess of mercy, Guanyin, is celebrated by visiting Taoist temples. This time is between the months of late march and late april.
-in May or June the birthday of Mazu, the goddess of the sea, is celebrated.
-the Moon Festival is celebrated in September or October. Fireworks, moon gazing, and paper lanterns are all popular activities during this time.
-the language spoken in China is standard Mandarin.
-etiquette: address adults with honorific title; may nod or bow instead of shaking hands; dislike being touched by strangers; English is not spoken during

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-1.) Current members of the Communist Party Politburo
-2.) Ministers and provincial-level heads with substantive power; retired Politburo members;
-3.) Ministers and provincial-level heads with less power
-4.) Municipal or county-level party heads; prominent university professors; owners of medium- to large-sized companies; top managers at large corporations; well-known doctors and lawyers; famous writers and celebrities.
-5.)Mid-level party cadres with power over certain pockets of local policy; successful small- to medium-sized business owners; university professors; mid-managers of large corporations; owners of multiple real property in large cities; reputable doctors, lawyers, and engineers
-6.) Ordinary civil servants; white-collar workers; ordinary doctors, lawyers, and engineers; modestly successful small business owners.
-7.) Ordinary factory workers; owners of mom and pop shops; urban residents with odd jobs; wealthy peasants.
-8.) Migrant workers in sweatshops; ordinary peasants
-9.) Long-term unemployed urban residents; impoverished peasants in far-flung rural areas.

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The 3rd step is made up of large plains, with few foothills and low mountains that climb over 500 meters. Famous plains in China are: the North China, the Northeast, and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains.

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The second step is made up of large basins and plateaus. These land features rise to about 1,000-2,000 meters high.  Plateaus that are located here include the Inner Mongolian, Loess, Yungui Plateaus, and basins such as Tarim, Junggar, and Sichuan Basins.

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The highest step is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at 4,000 meters. The first and second step are separated by the Qilianshan range, Kunlunshan range, Hengduan mountain chain, and part of the Himalayas.

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Rugged plateaus, mountains and foothills cover 2/3 of the land. The mountains are higher in the West and lower in the East. This is often compared to a step-ladder.

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click pics to see full size!!

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Climate varies from region to region. The northeast has hot, dry summers and freezing winters. The north and central regions have bouts of rain, hot summers, and cold winters.

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China is to the left of South Korea and Japan, to the right of Afghanistan and Pakistan, below Mongolia, and above Thailand, and Vietnam.

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Absolute Location of the capital city of China, Beijing: 39.9042° N, 116.4074° E

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What are the commonalities that connect areas of land?

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What is moving and Why?

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How does the environment impact humans? How do the humans impact the environment?

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How do the 5 Themes of Geography relate to Nations and Citizenship

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What is it like?

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Where is it?