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The Jewish society is founded upon religion. Judaism´s main beliefs are the beliefs of God, education, justice, and obedience. Judaism is the oldest known religion to practice monotheism. Monotheism is the belief of only one god. Hebrews were found to be appear Southwest Asia sometime between 2000 and 1500 BC. Their writings seem to describe the laws of their religion, Judaism.

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Example of Judaism of written religion law

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Speaking of Abraham, the Hebrew bible, or also known as Torah , says that God guided Abraham to leave his home. God promised Abraham to lead him to a new land and to make his children a mighty nation. Abraham ended up moving to Canaan, many Jews have lived there for years. But Abraham´s descendants actually moved to Egypt. In Egypt, they were known as slaves to the Pharaoh of Egypt.

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Furthermore, the descendants of Abraham were actually known as the Israelites. In 1200 B.C. , God told a man named Moses. God told Moses to lead and demand the Isaelites´ freedom from the ruler of Egypt. The Pharaoh agreed only because plagues that have previously struck Egypt.

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After the Pharaoh had an answer of freedom, Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, this was called the Exodus. The Bible records that God gave Moses 2 stone tablets. The tablets contained a set of laws written on them. These were known as the ten commandments.

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First there was a man named Saul. He fought the Philistines and became the first king of Israel. After his death, a former outlaw named, David, became the new king of Israel as he was well-loved. He defeated the Philistines and some other enemies.He then captured the city of Jerusalem, which became the capital of Israel. David had a son much later. His name was Solomon. Solomon became king around 965 B.C. Solomon was a strong king and built a temple in Jerusalem.

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After Solomon´s death in 930 B.C, Israel was split into 2 kingdoms. These kingdoms were called Israel and Judah. The people of Judah were known as Jews. The Jews were enslaved and often conquered. The split, or dispersal of Jews outside of Canaan is known as Diaspora. Jerusalem was conquered by the Greek Judah regained their independence but was conquered again by the Romans.

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The ruling of the Romans made life very difficult and made many Jews unhappy. Some Jews refused to obey Roman officials. Tension skyrocketed. A group of Jews decided to rebel against the Rome. They were called the Zealots. After four years of fighting failed the Romans won. The result was the Jews´ main temple being destroyed in 70 AD. Another rebellion happened nearly 60 years later and Jews were later banned from living in Jerusalem. They were forced to migrate to other places.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0f_olq_li0 Clip from movie, Exodus: Gods and Kings

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Jews could not worship at a central temple anymore. So their traditions had to change. Jews started to build local temples. They also decided to appoint Rabbis. Rabbis are religious leaders that teach Judaism. Soon, two major Jewish cultures developed that still exists today. These cultures are Ashkenazim and Sephardim Jews. As a result of the diaspora, the Jewish communities began to develop their own languages rituals and culture around the world. This led to two main cultural traditions both existing today.

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The Ashkenazim descended from Jews who moved to France, German, and Eastern Europe. They developed their own language called Yiddish. In addition, maintained separate customs.

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The Sephardim moved to Portugal and Spain. They mixed with their non-Jewish neighbors, unlike the Ashkenazim. In addition, they mixed their cultures and languages. This was the Jewish golden age in Spain and Portugal.

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Common traditions such as High Holy Days and celebrations help maintain the long history of Jews no matter where they are. One of those celebrations is known as Passover. Passover celebrates the Jews´ flight from slavery in Egypt during the Exodus. Hanukkah celebrates the successful dedication of the Temple of Jerusalem during the revolt against the Greeks in 160 BC. But the most important holidays are the High Holy Days. This is the proper term to describe Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Yom Kipper is known as a time when Jews ask God to forgive their sins. Rosh Hashanah is known as the Jewish New Year.

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High Holy Days - Example of one of many services

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High Holy Days - Example of one of many services

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Jewish holidays usually include a Shofar as seen below. It is a musical instrument made from horns of rams. Shofars are used for Jewish religious purposes.  The shofar is blown in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and at end of Yom Kipper. It is blown every weekday morning in the month of Elul up to Rosh Hashanah.