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DNA replication is the process by which the genomes DNA is copied. Before a cell divides, it must first unwind this is called a replication fork. DNA molecules resulting from the fork retain 1 old strand and one new strand which is known as a semiconservative. After this the DNA can copy its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell ends up with its own complete genome.

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The discovery of genes actually came about when a british scientist named Fred Griffith was trying to figure out how bacteria gave people pneumonia. when Griffith would inject one mouse with disease it would become sick and die. When he injected a mouse with harmless bacteria it survived .

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In the early 1950s Rosalind Franklin used a technique called x-ray diffraction to gain info about the structure of DNA. Using this she discovered that the structure of DNA is a double helix.

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Telomerase-This enzyme adds a short repeated DNA sequence to Telomeres as the chromosomes are replicated.
Eukaryotic DNA Replication-In eukaryotic cells replications may begin at dozens or hundreds of places on a DNA molecule proceeding in both directions until each chromosome is copied.
Prokaryotic DNA Replication- This replication starts from a single point and proceeds in two different directions until the entire chromosome is copied.

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The rule states that there are 28 in a strand of DNA, there has to be 28 Thymine. If there are 22 Guanine , there has to be 22 Cytosine.

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One enzyme is the DNA Helicase, This enzyme unzips the DNA strand or breaks the DNA into two strands. the second enzyme is the DNA Polymerase this enzyme forms the new strand by adding new base pairs to the new strand.

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The structure of DNA is a double helix shaped ring.  DNA consists of Nucleotides, these are made up of 3 basic components, 3-carbon sugar, a Phosphate group and a nitrogen group. The nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. These four connect to each other in different ways, Adenine and Thymine Connect to each other and  Cytosine and Guanine connect to each other.  Nucleotides are connected to each other with covalent bonds.

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DNA testing can help the real world by finding cures for different hereditary diseases. DNA testing can also help find cures for pathogens.  DNA testing can also identify remains at dig sights for dinosaurs or if someone buried a body police can use DNA forensics to identify that person. In the medical field DNA can be used in diagnostics, new vaccine development, and cancer therapy.

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What are the three roles of DNA?- Genetics, Immunological, and Structural

In what way is DNA like a book?- A book contains letters, just like the DNA

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?- Nitrogen-containing base , a Phosphate group, and a Sugar.

What are the four base pairs found in DNA?- Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T)

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deoxyribonucleic acid- Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
multicellular- Having or consisting of many cells
phenotypic- Relating to the observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
allele- One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
recessive allele- A recessive allele does not produce a trait at all when only one copy is present. This contrasts to a dominant trait, which requires that only one of the two alleles be present to express the trait.