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It's important to understand the difference between direct causes and risk factors. Direct causes are things that have been proven to at least semi-consistently cause lung cancer. Some direct causes of Lung Cancer may be:

Smoking
Vaping/using e-smokers
Using inhalants

However, risk factors are things that, as their s=name suggests, could make lung cancer more likely, but unless repeated constantly, probably will not cause it outright. Some risk factors may be:

Inhaling second-hand smoke
Mother smoking during maternal phase
Family having a history of lung cancer
Being exposed to radiation

Remember, anything listed, whether a direct cause or risk factor, can cause lung cancer.

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Most symptoms appear during a more advanced variation, or a stronger form of lung cancer.

Stage 1:

Though for the first stage, we see mostly the coughing of blood (hemoptysis) or the thinning of breaths. And as a given, a cough may persist, one that hasn't been seen before of course. A cough lasting for multiple weeks (a chronic cough) could greatly worsen as well. The lung sacs may as well have been inflamed and fill with liquids to block oxygen flow (lung infections).

Stage 2:

Much of the symptoms are the same, but tumors would form and threats of it making way within the airways and the membranes of the lung serves quite futile to the whole being.

Stage 3:

At this point, the cancer spreads and serves like an infection at the lungs, spreading its properties to multiple sections of it. Appetite may be lost, the head could begin to ache, and the organs deemed the lymph nodes (housing cells that are specialized in immunity) would start to swell. These are but only a fraction of the symptoms seen at this stage, as the cancer feeds on its prey. The skin may also turn yellow along with the eyes, a transition caused with the building of bilirubin (a pigment forged when the blood cells are broken and tattered). This build up is housed mostly within the liver, gallbladder, or the pancreas, and this entire transition of the changing of skin is called jaundice.

Stage 4:

At this point, the predators continues to hunt the rest of the prey, from the lungs to other vital parts of the human body. Bronchitis (when the long airways get inflamed) and pneumonia (when lung air sacs fill with a thick liquid within infected tissues (pus)) are now a symptom, factors that could lead to death.

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Depending on the type and stage of the lung cancer, as well as how much it has already spread, various treatment options are available.
Some common treatments include...
1. Surgery
- This option entails attempting to remove the tumor, as well as some of the surrounding lung tissue, in a surgery (as the name suggests)
- For patients with a more localized cancer that has not spread far (ex. early stages and carcinoid tumors), this is considered among the best options for treatment.
- Types of surgical procedures include: Lobectomy (removing the affected lobe), segmentectomy (removing affected segments), wedge-resection (removing a "wedge shape" of tissue around the tumor), and pneumonectomy (removal of the entire lung).
2. Chemotherapy
- Chemotherapy (commonly known as chemo) is a treatment that uses anti-cancer drugs and medicine to prevent the growth of, shrink, or completely destroy cancer cells.
- Not all are needing of chemo, and it is among the main treatments for small-cell lung cancer.
- Chemo can be applied in various ways, including as an injection or infusion directly into veins, along with various other methods.
3. Radiation Therapy (Radiotherapy)
- Radiotherapy employs powerful X-Rays to kill or shrink cancer cells.
- Though the radiation can be external, it can also result from internal radioactive materials placed within the tumor.
- Possible side effects of radiotherapy include: reactions on the skin, nausea, exhaustion, sore throats, difficulty swallowing, coughs, and various others (depending on the location)
4. Immunotherapy
- Immunotherapy is a medicine that uses one's own immune system to treat cancer.
- The immune system protects from external and internal dangers, including viruses and bacteria, however cancer is difficult to combat, as they are by default similar to the body's own cells.
- Immunotherapy helps the immune system to recognize cancer as harmful and foreign, so it can better combat it.

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Even after defeating lung cancer, the body isn't quite out of the woods yet. According to Hopkins Medicine, some lung cancer survivors have experienced lasting anxiety, depression, radiation to the lungs (which can be fatal), long-term neuropathy and hearing loss. The body can also suffer lasting problems with breathing or possibly other functions in the upper body.

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