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Mentoring or coaching describes the accompaniment of work practice by experienced colleagues or coaches. In addition to imparting job-specific content, emotional training should also take place and support should be given. The coaching or mentoring can be extended to middle management.
-  4.3.2.2.3 Mentoring & Coaching

Mentoring is the training of a person (mentee) by a mentor. Mentoring is an essential part of the training because it is not only a pure knowledge transfer, but also a personal support for the mentee. The personal contact and the adaptation to the mentee is crucial and offers a distinction to other training methods. The personal contact between the mentee and the mentor allows the knowledge transfer method to be adapted to the mentee, but also considers psychosocial aspects. In today's world, where there is a real information overload, the selection and adaptation to the individual person is an important competitive advantage.

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Lecture 4.3.2.1.2  "Employee survey is about gathering employees' opinions on the planned or ongoing company change promptly and at the same time."

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This image is the representation of the Employees in an office.  When a new employee is appointed to an organization an orientation session is arranged for them for defining the company's work culture, rules and regulations. Every year employee appraisals are also held in which HR takes the employee's reviews about the company's work culture, and any issues if they faced either its favoritism, critical issues faced, or any kind of suggestion.  Even if the employees resigned from an organization then its reviews are also noted for the betterment of the company. If the new process is implemented in a company then the employee reviews also matter a lot because the changes are being followed by the employees.

An Employee Survey measures the degree to which employees feel valued at your company. Tracking employee engagement is vital in determining whether or not your employees are happy and how long they'll stay with your company.  If this strategy is followed then its good for the organization's progress and employee reviews syncing

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Unit 4.4.4 Strategy workshop is gathering a group of individuals to collaborate on potential tactics for multiple projects or a specific problem. 

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This is a photo of our team having game reflection and building a strategy for the next game. We'll have a sensible talk in which the captain and Management will state what has to be done, what went wrong and the responsibilities of other players in the next games will be outlined. During every match, there is always the possibility of a teammate's role changing.  Captain will serve here as a moderator and each person will get a chance to speak about necessary change. All the points will be taken into note and management will make a decision at the end.

When management recognizes that something has to be altered, this strategy is frequently adopted. This strategy is appropriate if there is no plan in place or if the employees' opinions are to be considered.

---------------------------- Bhanu

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Taken from Unit 4.1.1.3  - The value chain is a popular method that is used for uncovering deficits and problems in the existing value chain. 

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Why is the value chain method needed?
The activities within the processes (including quality assurance) are on the one hand a cost factor for companies whose share of the total costs must be analyzed, checked, and, if necessary, optimized. Still, on the other hand, they also offer - in the best case as a unique selling point - an approach to differentiation from Competition.

Here, I have taken a picture of two types of milk that I have in my home.
In the beginning, I was wondering why the costs of both are so much different. The packet costs less than the one in the glass and also I have found a few similarities like the fat percent, both are fresh, with almost the same mineral content.

But one thing I have noticed is the brand. One is the REWE's own brand and the other is Schwarzwaldmilch. This brand only produces milk-related items and it is the most popular brand. And on top of it has Pfand. So the wastage is minimized.
And after returning the glass, I can get some money. That is the unique selling point

Similarly, In order to run a company for the long term, the existing processes need to be constantly analyzed, what are defects, how can be overcome, which areas did we achieve a high level of efficiency, in which areas are we operating inefficiently, is it advisable to expand or outsource certain areas and which links in the value chain is particularly profitable. All these things need to be analyzed, and monitored and should be constantly updated with respect to the market requirements.

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"Training helps set teams up for success  and helps them better understand how the change will be beneficial to their roles and the  company."

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This image  shows the coach train their employees. By this term we mean general personnel development and personnel support in many ways. Within personnel development, employees are given new knowledge, changed attitudes and additional skills depending on the type of change. The goal of personnel development therefore is better preparation for the new and additional requirements that arise from change.

The aim of human resource management is to help employees adapt emotionally and practically to change and to develop knowledge of the behavior and technical skills necessary to achieve the desired business results. This happens either through "on the job" measures such as job rotation, multiple management and mentoring or coaching, or through "off the job" measures such as seminars, training courses, e-learning or integrated learning. Proactivity, sustainability and individuality are the prerequisites for this.

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"The goal of personnel development therefore is better preparation for the new and additional requirements that arise from change. The aim of human resource management is to help employees adapt emotionally and practically to change and to develop knowledge of the behavior and technical skills necessary to achieve the desired business results."
-4.3.1.3

This is an image from my German class notebook, where numbers are written in German. I am new to Germany and I started learning German a few months ago.  This is really important for the people who relocate to Germany as this is one of the basic needs.

Similarly, when we enter into any organization it is really necessary to understand its ethics and rules. Also, it is very important to adopt the change that has taken place for the betterment and successful goals. This not only improves the value of the organization but also personal development takes place.

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"Participation is another important building block for successful corporate change. This means the involvement of employees in the process of change, which usually increases their motivation and reduces resistance."
- 4.3.1.2

This images shows the hands of people participating in a publlic vote. They do this because it is a decision that can affect them so it is beneficial for them to voice their opinion and participate in the decision process. The same thing happens in companies during a change process. Everyone should try to get involved so that nobody will be neglected or a decision is made, that the majority does not agree with. Participating in a project is important because it not only involves oneself but also everyone else included.

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"People change when they believe it is in their best interests to do so." ref:https://managementisajourney.com/the-ugly-truth-about-why-people-naturally-resist

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People are always reluctant to change but when a clear picture of target state is shown to them and they are told about the benefits they will get after change.
Most of the time they welcome it.
As in the given picture illustrates, that an individual with a lot of weight was motivated to go to gym
for transformation and as a result he will become healthy person and this would improve his quality of life. Also he will look attractive with good looks. He got ready for to change himself.
Similarly if we want to motivate employees of a company for change, they should first be told the benefits they will get after the change e-g if a company is automating it processes from manual way, the employees should be told that they would have to put
less effort to work after change. Their productivity would also increase. Also they will have to work less because of automation.
The motivations for change might differ in different cases.

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"In order to be able to use communication successfully in the context of a company change, this should always be target-group-oriented, prompt and, as far as possible, at the same time for all those affected"

The picture represents a map of U-Bahn of Stuttgart, which shows the way to the targeted customers and the users by communicating with them over the map.
which helps them to change and move from one location to other.
As we can see how much is communication effective for change and in showing the people the state of the change before hand. Let say if there are no names of the places and the stops, also the paths are with no colours and no train numbers are given on the map, no one will travel in it because they will not know their destination and the directions towards the target and the state at which they will be in future. Both for the old citizens and Especially for the new people who will not accept to travel underground as well as above the ground.

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Taken from: Unit 4.1.1.2 Benchmarking: Benchmarking is a method of comparing two or more values of certain things. 

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This picture depicts the data analysis and visualization done, manually using an Excel spreadsheet on the left half and automation of the same using Python on the right half.

Excel and Python are great in their own ways. Excel is a powerful tool for the analysis of datasets. However, with larger datasets and complex analytics, analyzing them in Excel might be a time-consuming task involving manual efforts. In such cases, Automation serves the purpose. It saves a lot of time and minimizes errors caused by human intervention. Automation can be achieved in different ways which help to speed up tasks thus boosting efficiency and productivity.

Benchmarking of analysis done manually and by automation clearly show a huge difference in the results, thus making the latter more preferred over the former.

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"Job rotation describes a planned change in activities within a company. Depending on the plan, a change can only take place within one functional area, for example within human resources, or across several functional areas, for example through controlling, marketing and human resources."
- 4.3.2.2.1 Job Rotation

Job rotation is a technique used to rotate employees through companies. This helps employees to understand the importance of other's works, giving them a new look on their colleague's tasks. This shows them a greater context in which their own work is embedded.
Job rotation should create an influx of new ideas, and an atmosphere of empathy. People understand better how to improve workflows, or why a workflow has to be in a certain way.
If this or no other means of sharing knowledges and points of views is used, in a extreme case people and departments stay separated, staying in their own line. Whilst all units are aligned like in the picture to a common goal, they may not profit from each other.

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"When 'employees' are poorly introduced to changes that affect how they work, especially when they don't see the need for the changes, they may be resistant."

This picture shows two cats that prefer to sit in a cardboard box instead of lying in a nice soft bed that was bought especially for them.
One reason for this could be that they have always sat in the cardboard box before and have had good experiences with it in the past. Even if there is an obviously better solution, they prefer to stay with the old familiar solution. They fundamentally reject a new (better) approach to a solution without having tried it out beforehand, since this would require a change.