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Human-caused erosion is the movement and breaking down of soil through the activities of humans.

Image:
https://medium.com/@tute.in/soil-erosion-9ef9e6000a8b

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Strip Mining In The Appalachian Mountains

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Strip Mining In The Appalachian Mountains

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Mining companies remove trees and all the vegetation in one area of a mountain in the Appalachians.

The removal of trees leads to erosion, but it is not the main cause in this area.

After they remove the trees, they set the debris on fire.

After this, the miners dig holes in the mountain to pour an explosive in.

This causes so much rock and soil to be eroded.

The rock is blown all over the place. It can fall into streams and lakes, which contaminates the water.

The mountain is completely flat on the top after this process happens.

This process is an extreme form of strip mining called mountaintop removal.

Strip mining became popular in the 1960s and we are seeing severe results now.

Citation:
https://earthjustice.org/feature/what-is-mountaintop-removal-mining#:~:text=Mountaintop%20removal%20coal%20mining%2C%20often,been%20permanently%20buried%20and%20

Image:
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/strip-mining-coal-appalachia.html

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Ice Erosion is the eroding of land, caused by the movement of glaciers over a long period of time.

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Image:
https://www.thinglink.com/en-us/scene/1119353074213715970

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A large amount of soil in Africa has been degraded due to human activities.

Agriculture is the main cause of this.

When farmers water the land too much, this causes particles to be taken away.

This can also cause rills and gullies.

Overwatering can lead to the loss of fertile soil.

If the soil is no longer fertile, plants cannot grow, and this leads to even more soil erosion to happen.

When soil is exposed to wind, water, and other natural forces, it erodes and severely impacts the environment.

This process of erosion in Africa has occurred for centuries but has increased tremendously in the past 20 years.

Citation:
https://www.thoughtco.com/soil-erosion-in-africa-43352#:~:text=Overgrazing%20and%20poor%20farming%20techniques,in%20tropical%20and%20mountainous%20regions.

Image:
https://pixels.com/featured/soil-erosion-due-to-water-runoff-tony-camacho.html

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The Rocky Mountains stretch from Canada to New Mexico.

About two million years ago, streams started carving valleys that were v-shaped.

Snow packed together on higher peaks of the mountain, forming glacial ice.

This ice formed a glacier and moved through the valleys.

It changed the V-shaped valleys into U-shaped valleys.

Eventually, the glacier got close enough to the ground that it melted and deposited all of the debris that it picked up through the process of plucking.

The glacier has left many features on the rocks.

There are still small pieces of glacial ice on the tops of the mountains, but it doesn't compare to what it was like millions of years ago during the ice age.

Citations:
https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/geologicactivity.htm

Image:
http://penpalexchange.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/the-rocky-mountains/

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There are five large lakes that make up The Great Lake system (Huron, Michigan, Erie, Superior, Ontario).

The Laurentide Ice sheet (glacier)  covered the majority of Canada and the northern United States during the last ice age.

The glacier was extremely thick and heavy.

The movement of this huge ice mass gouged out the land, which formed the basins of the lakes.

Eventually, about 20,000 years ago, the glacier melted and the water filled the basins, forming The Great Lakes.

About 3,000 years ago, the lakes became the shapes and sizes that they still are today.

Citation:
noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/freshwater/great-lakes-ecoregion

Image:
https://scitechdaily.com/exploring-earth-from-space-spectacular-view-of-the-great-lakes/

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Biological Erosion is the tearing away and movement of particles from the actions of animals and plants.

Image:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/385480049329043547/

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Wind Erosion is a natural process that moves soil and materials from one place to another through the wind.

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Citation:
https://fineartamerica.com/art/rock+formations

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Water erosion is the movement of soil and of materials by the water.

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Image:
https://v1.padlet.pics/1/image.webp?t=c_limit%2Cdpr_1%2Ch_279%2Cw_372&url=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.manchester.edu%2Fstudent%2Fpmkelly%2FWebQuest325%2Fdevils-bridge1.jpg

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This exciting tree is located in Buford, Wyoming.

The tree's roots grew in the crevices of a large rock.

As the roots have continued to grow, the crevices have become even larger and caused the rock to break apart.

This has happened in a process called root wedging.

Nobody knows exactly how old this tree is, but its species can live for thousands of years.

Citation:
https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=62159

Image:
https://v1.padlet.pics/1/image.webp?t=c_limit%2Cdpr_1%2Ch_381%2Cw_508&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet-artifacts.storage.googleapis.com%2F3c68647625874401302a00e4fc9c5777b7662edd%2F2ff31a22dad88e71da1cc987ad00eb09-h-d33f102cf1d721ccd8f9e854791075a0.jpg

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"The Wave"  is located in the Coyote Buttes of Arizona.

It is made of two U-shaped trough-like features created by erosion.

This landform was originally eroded by runoff water.

When the drainage basin in this area shrunk, water wasn't able to reach this rock anymore.

The wind is the factor that has made this landform the way it is today.

When the wind blows across this area, it funnels through the troughs which cause small rock particles to be picked up and deposited in other areas.

The rock forming this feature is cross-bedded, meaning that it was layered on top of other rock.

This crossbedding indicates that these were at one point sand from dunes.

"The Wave" started to form around 180 million years ago as a very large sand dune.

Citation:
https://www.geologypage.com/2012/11/the-wave-arizona.html

Image:
https://v1.padlet.pics/1/image.webp?t=c_limit%2Cdpr_1%2Ch_339%2Cw_508&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet-artifacts.storage.googleapis.com%2F74e0f3c55f2db4dc8fb55908479a8f6d8f52606f%2F2c7ff13a1423292eed4512ff9e115a86-h-ad7198ccca2f3ddd3adbdfa6d9cbedee.jpg

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Lake Chicot is an Oxbox lake.

It was formed when a meander (or bend) in the Mississippi River developed such a large loop that the bends in the river connected.

The river deposited sediment, which blocked the ends of the river bends.

This caused the river to take a new path and separate from the meander, which is now an oxbow lake.

This happened over 600 years ago, around the year 1350.

Oxbow lakes can take from a few years to multiple decades to form.

Citation: http://lakevillagear.gov/history/#:~:text=Lake%20Chicot%20was%20formed%20about,which%20means%20island%20of%20stumps

Image:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hipcamp.com%2Fen-US%2Fdiscover%2Farkansas%2Flake-chicot&psig=AOvVaw3YJUhMVq2sCmmdssOERVM_&ust=1678544143250000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCPi91NLG0f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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Multnomah Falls is a very popular waterfall in Oregon.

Its shape was first formed by the Missoula Floods over 15,000 years ago.

Water from the floods ran over the ground, which caused the rock to erode and the particles to get taken away.

Over time, more of the rock has deteriorated and the path of the water has changed.

Now, the water from the falls mostly comes from underground springs.

This waterfall has taken thousands of years to form.

Citation: https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/columbia-river-highway/Pages/history-multnomah-falls.aspx

Image: https://www.reddit.com/r/hiking/comments/aipuei/multnomah_falls_hike_was_beautiful_just_after_the/

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Mushroom Rock State Park is home to mushroom-shaped sandstone rocks.

These rocks were formed by wind erosion and the process of abrasion.

This process happens when the wind hits a large rock pile.

The softer part of the rock is eroded away, while the more resistant parts stay.

These are located in the desert, so when the wind picks up sand, it blows and abraids the rock like sandpaper.

When this process happens continuously for thousands of years, it causes these unique shapes to form.

Citation:
geokansas.ku.edu/mushroom-rock-state-park

Image:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Rock_State_Park

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Grizzly bears have a huge impact on the soil in the Alpine Zone of Canada.

Grizzly bears find some of their food through digging.

They look for things such as insects and squirrels that live underground.

Grizzlies use their large paws to dig in and flip over the soil.

This causes many particles of rock and soil to be loosened and taken away by wind, water, and other forces.

This is a very quick process and can take only minutes to happen.

Citation:
https://www.vitalground.org/grizzly-ecology-bears-and-dirt/#:~:text=In%20order%20to%20find%20ground,important%20changes%20in%20plant%20life.

Image:
http://www.waynelynch.ca/bear_gallery62.html