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We form the passive with be + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

Remember!

1. The past participle always stays the same. Only the form of be changes.

2. The subject and verb must always agree in number.

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Sometimes, when the agent is unknown, or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence, we do not use by.

For example: This sweater is made in China.

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When it is important to know who does the action, we use by. The noun that follows by is called the “agent.” My mom was the subject in the active sentence, but it becomes the agent in the passive sentence.

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For example: That song is sung by my mom.

B                           A

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English has two voices: active and passive.

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English has two voices: active and passive.

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The active voice is used when the subject of the sentence does the action

The passive voice is used when we focus on the object of the sentence. In the example, B becomes the subject.

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• Direct speech: I like candy.
• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked candy.

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But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

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We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

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Direct speech: I like candy. • Reported speech: She says (that) she likes candy.

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We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

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When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said