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There is a correlation with poor sleep levels and overweightness. Possibly due to decreased energy level leading to decreased activity level.

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If the child themselves have ineffective knowledge related to healthy habits and nutritious eating this can impact their food choices, portioning, and lifestyle.

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What and how we eat has a major impact on our health. Includings types of foods, portion sizes. and cooking habits.

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Cities that are primarily designed around mobility with cars results in less people using bking or walking for transportation. This remvoes an incentive to be active and healthy. Cities with more bike lanes and walking paths promote activity.

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Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills/Healthy Behaviours

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Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills/Healthy Behaviours

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in planning the approach to primary-prevention interventions, the impact of a child's gender on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent childhood obesity must also be considered.
Research have found that when community nurses provide educational interventions with a social learning foundation may be more effective with girls, while interventions that change the environments to enable physical activity perhaps more effective with boys

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Maternal depression has been correlated with child obesity, potentially through the link of parenting practices.

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Community health nurses will include discussion about cultural beliefs and values of the family to ensure interventions are tailored to their needs/beliefs/values. 

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Community health nurses will include discussion about cultural beliefs and values of the family to ensure interventions are tailored to their needs/beliefs/values. 

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This could include things like dietary preferences, cultural activities and practices, and understanding that culture impacts the way obesity is viewed. An understanding of these things helps to provide appropriate care.

Create Supportive Environment abd Education, Family/Community level, Develop Personal Skills/Create Supportive Environments

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Community level, Genetic Endowmenet and Personal Coping Skills, Strengthen Community Action

Genes help determine body type and how the body stores and burns fat, but genes alone do not precipitate a child to being overweight. Both genes from parents and lifestyles (habits) are passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, community health nurses need to include all the family members in interventions and collect base data from parents if the family is associated with an inequitable societal structure, such as poverty. Provide appropriate education with reliable sources of support in regard to specific reasons and evidence.

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Younger males tend to have higher rates of obesity compaired to female counter parts. Not by a huge margin, but it is a noticeable difference.

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Income and Social Status, Building Healthy Public Policy, Society level action;

There is a correlation between lower income household and obesity in developed nations. Less healthy non-paritaable foods are generally cheaper than fresh produce and meat. Providing a UBI or a bringing lower income households above a certain agreed upon income line should have positive impacts on childhood obesity.

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Society Level, Income/Physical Environments, Building Healthy Public Policy;

Give incentives or tax credits for enrolling children into organized activities such as dance, soccer, hockey et cetera. Promotes physical activity, especially for lower income families who cannot traditionally afford extracurricular activites.

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In developed countries lower income is correlated with overweightness and obesity. Opposite to underdeveloped countries where lower income earners are generally underweight.

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Urban Planning For Easier Access to Produce/Groceries

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Urban Planning For Easier Access to Produce/Groceries

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Social Environments, Building Healthy Policy, Structural or Society level;

Protect smaller grocery stores that exist in more urban areas. Advocate for policy that would ensure grocery stores are atleast X distance from residential areas so all or majority of city citizens can walk to buy food if need. Would have to have fresh produce available. Creates accessible food options for those who cannot drive far to major grocery facilities.

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Healthy Child Development, Family Level, Create Suportive Environments;

Using a interprofessional approach support parents with school aged children in role modelling healthy style behaviour. Family physician or social worker during regular checks might assess parental attitudes towards health and wellbeing. Depending on the criteria family physician recommend support from an interprofessional team on role modelling Social Cognitive Theory practices into their home.  Parents supported in role modelling healthy behaviour.

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If children have misguided perceptions towards obesity and nutrition they may not want to participate in healthy diets and lifestyles if it does not align with their beliefs.

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Physical Environments, Building Health Policy, Structural Level;

Advocate for healthier cities and healthier city planning. This might include better transit and walkability; Supporting bike lines and having areas where cars/vehicles cannot go. Better planned green spaces. Should promote more communiting options that are often healthier such as walking and biking.

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The lifestyle, attiudes and envrionment set by the parents are strong indicators for how the child behaves and thinks about health. Environments set by the parents that are obesogenic will contribute to a childs weight status.

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Develop a free program that provides caretakers and families classes that teach basic culinary training and skills. As well as provides education on healthier food options to work with lower income budgets.

Family level of action. Health practices/Coping Skills; Develop Coping Skills

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Community health nurses will partner with school systems to visit elementary school classrooms and provide age appropriate education to children on the Canadian food guide.

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Community health nurses will partner with school systems to visit elementary school classrooms and provide age appropriate education to children on the Canadian food guide.

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Develop personal skills and Reorient healthcare
Structural or system level of action

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Community health nurses will create a working group to work towards implementing a school lunch program. 

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Community health nurses will create a working group to work towards implementing a school lunch program. 

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Create supportive environments
Community level of action

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Community health nurses will connect families experiencing food insecurity with resources in the community, such as food banks. 

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Community health nurses will connect families experiencing food insecurity with resources in the community, such as food banks. 

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Family level of action, Strenghten Community Action, Social Support Network

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Community health nurses will advocate to implement a prescription action program. Where primary care providers can write patients a prescription for activity that can be used for free access to recreation/leisure facilities and online resources. 

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Community health nurses will advocate to implement a prescription action program. Where primary care providers can write patients a prescription for activity that can be used for free access to recreation/leisure facilities and online resources. 

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https://prescriptiontogetactive.com/about
Re-orient health systems ,
Structure/System level of action,
Health Services,

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Community Health nurses will provide an "activity pack" to children containing suggestions and options for non-screen-based activities and include colouring pencils, a jump rope, playing cards, a tennis ball and activity cards that describe simple games or activities. 

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Community Health nurses will provide an "activity pack" to children containing suggestions and options for non-screen-based activities and include colouring pencils, a jump rope, playing cards, a tennis ball and activity cards that describe simple games or activities. 

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Create Supportive Environmentsm
Individual level of action, Healthy Child Development

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Community health nurses will attempt to reduce negative effects related to breastfeeding and refer to lactation consultants if needed to promote longevity of breast feeding

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Community health nurses will attempt to reduce negative effects related to breastfeeding and refer to lactation consultants if needed to promote longevity of breast feeding

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Create Supportive Environment, Community level, Social Support Networks

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Community health nurses will provide options for education and teaching related to breast feeding. 

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Community health nurses will provide options for education and teaching related to breast feeding. 

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Individual level, develop personal skills, social support networks

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Community health nurses will create a supportive maternal environment for the post-partum mother by providing a list of resources to that local area in order to  facilitate a healthy diet in the home. For example, nutritionist, meals on wheels, food bank, social assistance, etc. They will also refer mothers to resources for postpartum depression and mental health resources in the community.

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Community health nurses will create a supportive maternal environment for the post-partum mother by providing a list of resources to that local area in order to  facilitate a healthy diet in the home. For example, nutritionist, meals on wheels, food bank, social assistance, etc. They will also refer mothers to resources for postpartum depression and mental health resources in the community.

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Create Supportive Environment, Education, Community/Individual

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Community health nurses will visit the home of newly diagnosed gestational diabetic mothers and conduct a teach-back method of monitoring blood sugars and self-administration of insulin as needed. 

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Community health nurses will visit the home of newly diagnosed gestational diabetic mothers and conduct a teach-back method of monitoring blood sugars and self-administration of insulin as needed. 

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Develop Personal Skills, Health Services, Individual Level

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Community health nurses will support and vote for public policies that encourage taxation of sugary foods. Using this money to lower cost of healthy and fresh food

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Community health nurses will support and vote for public policies that encourage taxation of sugary foods. Using this money to lower cost of healthy and fresh food

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Building Healthy Public Policy, Income and Social Status, Society level,

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Poor cooking skills have been associated with unhealthy eating habits and behaviours as families may opt for commercially prepared fast-food.

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Greens spaces provide good areas for people to be active. When there are not available parks and playgrounds children are limited in chances to engage in healthy play or activties.

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Commercially available food has increased portion sizes over time, becoming a driver in population weight gain.

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Studies show a significant association between parental obesity and their children having obesity. This may be due to families eating similar high protein high sugar diets and sharing similar values towards food and nutrition.

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‘obesogenic environment’ has been coined to refer to the influences that the surroundings, opportunities or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals and populations

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High protein, high fat, excess sugar intake (poor diet)

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High protein, high fat, excess sugar intake (poor diet)

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Foods high in sugar, salt, saturated and trans fats such as fast food and processed foods contrbiture to chlldhood obesity.

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Imbalanced energy intake and expenditure

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Imbalanced energy intake and expenditure

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Where daily caloric intake exceeds the levels of calories used each day, causing weight gain.

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Sedentary behaviours like: watching television, using smart devices and lack of exercise promote weight gain as not enough calories are burned than are consumed.

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“In terms of parenting styles, uninvolved, indulgent or authoritarian parenting is associated with higher child BMI, whereas authoritative parenting is associated with a healthy BMI” (Mihrshahi & Baur, p. 1296, 2018)

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Children living in neighbourhoods where parents report safety concerns have decreased physical activity and an increased incidence of obesity.

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Screen based activities are common for young people and contribute to sedentary lifestyle.

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Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI associated with childhood obesity in offspring (Mihrshahi & Baur, 2018).

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When there are limited food choices such as in northern communites that lack fresh produce this often leads to consumption of food that is processed. In addition,  cheaper foods are often fatty sugar heavy options. Often, people are limited and do not have access to healthy food options

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Gestational diabetes is a risk factor for excess adiposity in offspring  (Larque et al., 2019)

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pregnant woman checking blood sugar teaser

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Busy schedules make it difficult to take the time to cook healthier meals, which leads to picking up quick options like fast foods.

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Studies show formula fed infants have been linked to have higher BMI's.

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Exposure to food deserts is associated with higher childhood BMI. There is evidence food desert areas may be obesogenic in ways that other low-income neighbourhoods are not.

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What are the risk factors for childhood obesity in Canada in children under the age of 10?

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What are the risk factors for childhood obesity in Canada in children under the age of 10?