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Henry Glassie once said, “History is not the past but a map of the past, drawn from a particular point of view, to be useful to the modern traveler.” Our world’s history is filled with interesting events, some of which we can learn from. When our world faces major decisions, these events serve as a stark reminder to not make the same mistakes. It allows us to see and track which actions can lead to certain consequences, and which actions will lead to the right track.

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In today’s society, there is always conflict happening. It is something preventable, but even in the most peaceful of times, I believe conflict is brewing somewhere like a ticking time bomb. It is going to explode someday and cause problems, and the outcome would be depending on the people/entities involved. A great example of this is the start of World War II, it began on September 1, 1939. It has been said that it is the deadliest war that has happened in all of history, with an estimated 56.4 million deaths (Highest Death Toll From Wars, n.d.). All of this started from the Treaty of Versailles, and the treaty was basically something that was made for Germany, to make them pay for their crimes in World War I. I believe that every conflict that happens, there is a root cause. If we can find that root cause, find a way to settle it in a mannered way, making it fair for both sides of the argument, then there can simply be no conflict, no matter how big the argument might be. So, is conflict inevitable? I believe it is, because even if we all try our best to prevent it, there will always be uncontrollable factors which will ultimately change the original plan. Like human bias, it is something that will never be removed no matter how hard we try. It will always be there, affecting our decisions and eventually can lead us into an unexpected conflict. Hopefully, no wars as big as WW2 happen again, as countless lives are at stake if another event similar to WW2 happens, especially with the advanced technology, no one knows what could happen.

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Conflict usually is started with plans for benefiting oneself or achieving a specific goal to gain something out of it. There are many different kinds of conflict, sometimes it benefits both sides, sometimes only one side, and sometimes it harms both sides. But when conflict happens, I believe in the long term it is something that one can learn from. So not all conflicts are pointless, even the “losing” side has something to gain from it, just way less than the victorious one. The negative effect of conflict though, is that it has the possibility to create room for more conflicts to happen when not resolved. This will eventually lead to even greater consequences in the long term, as tensions tend to rise with unfinished business. The lasting impact of conflict is usually seen in the changes of relations, whether good or bad. Good because it can help countries to fix the wrongs, and push each other more towards the right path. Bad because it can lead to more conflict.

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A conflict that happened in the past that has similarities with conflicts happening at the present is WW2, and the current war between Russia and Ukraine. These two conflicts are similar because of how they started. WW2 started with a broken Germany, where they lost WW1 and had to pay a massive price because of it. They were given the Treaty of Versailles, which they had no say on. The war started because of them wanting revenge, and they wanted to make Germany an economic powerhouse. The current war is happening because Vladimir Putin is asking to have control of Ukraine, Ukraine not allowed to join NATO, and other more demands by Russia (Bilefsky et al., 2022). The similarities between these two wars is that both of them started because of the aggressor wanting more control and power. They wanted to become stronger and have more influence so that they could grow faster. These wars show that when a nation wants something really badly, they can resort to drastic measures and start a huge invasion. They don’t stop until they get what they want or until they are defeated.

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I believe conflicts can be resolved, no matter the size of the conflict. Conflicts can be solved in multiple ways, the first one being the best way is solving it in peaceful terms. Having an agreement is the best way to resolve conflict because it does not harm anybody, and both sides would be on good terms (not all the time if the agreement is unfair) right after the said agreement. The second way is the bad way of solving conflict, it involves fighting and can cause a person's death. It is always a good idea to avoid this kind of way of resolving a conflict because it usually does not end well for both sides. War is costly and causes lots of deaths, so it is pointless to fight a war that can be solved peacefully. An example of a “peaceful” conflict would be the cold war. I say this is peaceful because the two superpowers involved did not take any casualties, but they were fighting each other through races. Arms race was one of them, it was a race on who can amass more nuclear weapons than the other. Space race was also a part, where they claimed achievements relating to space like sending a man to the moon (History.com Editors, 2022). An example of a bad conflict is any of the wars happening, because war should never be an option. One should confront conflict in society by either peaceful protests, or giving their opinion in a peaceful way, while respecting the opposing side's opinion as well unless it really is morally wrong.

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Terrorists vs Counter-Terrorists from the game Counter Strike : Global Offensive

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As young members of society, we can start contributing in addressing societal conflict happening at present by learning first on what the conflicts are really about, to avoid any misinformation or disinformation. After learning both sides of the argument, we should try to not be biased towards our own beliefs and think about which side has more pros than cons. This is to make it so that you are making the right decision on which side to take. A great example of this is the recent “war” on the Philippine elections. 2 presidential candidates, one was gaining popularity quicker than the other because of manipulating and using the card stacking propaganda technique to their advantage. The other candidate however, used facts which is far harder to obtain than just simply making up lies. This may not seem like a war, but I feel this is a huge issue of societal conflict especially in this day and age of advanced technology and being able to get information from our fingertips, whether it is true or false. It is up to us to make research to be able to greatly reduce our chances of being a victim of mis/disinformation.

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Everything in our world happens for a reason, and we should use those events as a guide for us. These help us navigate through our own his-story and avoid making the same mistakes as our ancestors did. Henry Glassie once said, “History is not the past but a map of the past, drawn from a particular point of view, to be useful to the modern traveler.”

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Bilefsky, D., Pérez-Peña, R., & Nagourney, E. (2022, October 12). What Does Russia Want in Ukraine? A Full Guide. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/article/russia-ukraine-nato-europe.html

Highest death toll from wars. (n.d.). Guinness World Records. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-death-toll-from-wars

History.com Editors. (2022, June 22). Cold War History. HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cold-war-history

Image References :
https://www.magbloom.com/2019/12/documentary-on-ius-henry-glassie-premieres-at-toronto-film-festival/

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/6-treaty-of-versailles-1919-granger.html

https://colpittsclinical.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/problem-solution-image.jpg

https://imrussia.org/en/russia-and-the-world/684-those-who-unleash-a-war-on-ukraine-will-be-damned-by-the-russian-people-russias-opposition-on-the-ukraine-crisis

https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-posts-drop-in-ma-deal-value-in-2017-as-chinese-investment-wanes-report/

https://www.csgowallpapers.com/wallpaper/585-half-ct-half-t---mirage-wallpaper

https://unsplash.com/@honza_kahanek

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A still image from the film Henry Glassie: Field Work. Courtesy photo

by PETER DORFMAN

The documentary film Henry Glassie: Field Work opens with a series of vignettes of Brazilian sculptors creating traditional sacred art. Not until 30 minutes into the film does Glassie, an internationally renowned folklorist and Indiana University professor emeritus, make an appearance.

By cinematic standards, the pacing is languid, intended to evoke the artist's immersion in his work. Irish filmmaker Pat Collins captures the patient observation that is a hallmark of Glassie's approach to field work, which just happens to be his signature contribution to the folklorist's science. In Ireland, Turkey, Nigeria, Brazil, and other places, Glassie has quietly and appreciatively blended into the artists' communities he's studied, committing as much as a decade to each project.

Henry Glassie. Photo by James Krause

Collins became interested in Glassie's work when he heard him interviewed on Irish radio. "He liked what I'd said about the nature of community and individual creativity," Glassie recalls.

Glassie wasn't immediately interested in being the subject of a film. But he was interested in capturing the working process of the artists he was studying. "I offered Pat a deal," he says. "He could do a film on me if he would follow us in Brazil and get us good footage of our Brazilian artists."

The subject of the film, and of Glassie's field work, is the individual artist making art. Glassie is less interested in the end product than in the process of creation, which frequently is difficult and time-consuming to record authentically.

"If you show up with a camera, people will perform," he says. "But I didn't want to record a performance."

After recording the Brazilian field work, Collins took his crew to North Carolina, where Glassie was working with local potters Daniel and Kate Johnston. Collins added

a section on Glassie's work in Turkey, using footage shot by another filmmaker.

Glassie says he's interested in the individual will of the creative person under uncontrollable conditions. "A woman on a mountainside in Turkey weaves beautiful carpets," he explains. "She does that in an environment that makes agriculture really difficult, but where you can raise sheep. That's a condition that leads to her making magnificent art."

He makes a point of doing as much of his work as possible in the native language of the people he studies. His Turkish is fluent. His Portuguese is less so, but his wife, folklorist and IU professor Pravina Shukla, grew up in Brazil and has interpreted during his field work there.

Glassie, 78, came to Bloomington in 1970 to take a position at the Indiana University Folklore Institute. "IU has the oldest folklore department in the United States, maybe the best in the world," he says. "I got my Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, the other really good department, but as a young folklorist, IU was where you wanted to teach." Glassie taught at IU for 43 years.

A topic he has returned to often is the vernacular architecture of the American South. He has written and spoken frequently on Bloomington's vernacular architecture, which he characterizes as distinctly Southern-small houses in rows, with small yards around them, in a melting pot of immigrant styles and techniques brought north from Kentucky and Tennessee to Bloomington, where it essentially stops. "You really don't see the characteristic Bloomington styles north of here," he notes.

A strong proponent of historic preservation, Glassie is a past president and board member of Bloomington Restorations Inc., a nonprofit which he calls the only successful developer of affordable housing in Bloomington. "BRI has put a lot of houses in the hands of people who don't have money, he says. "If you refurbish old houses, all the money stays in town. These big apartment blocks appearing around the city don't benefit Bloomington's economy at all."

Glassie advocates restoring or building small houses on small lots throughout the city using local resources instead of outsourcing the growth of the city's housing stock to out-of-town developers. "The best thing you can do, environmentally or socially, is repair old buildings, not demolish them to build new ones," he argues.

Henry Glassie: Field Work premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2019. Bloomington audiences can see it at the IU Cinema in April.

To view the trailer, visit tiff.net/events/henry-glassie-field-work.

See a gallery of photos from the documentary below.

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Documentary on IU's Henry Glassie Premieres at Toronto Film Festival

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by PETER DORFMAN The documentary film Henry Glassie: Field Work opens with a series of vignettes of Brazilian sculptors creating traditional sacred art. Not until 30 minutes into the film does Glassie, an internationally renowned folklorist and Indiana University professor emeritus, make an appearance.