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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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Key Takeaway:

The 10 most recent years are the warmest years on record.

This graph shows the change in global surface temperature compared to the long-term average from 1951 to 1980. Earth's average surface temperature in 2023 was the warmest on record since recordkeeping began in 1880 (source: NASA/GISS). NASA's analysis generally matches independent analyses prepared by the​ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other research groups. Overall, Earth was about 2.45 degrees Fahrenheit (or about 1.36 degrees Celsius) warmer in 2023 than in the late 19th-century (1850-1900) preindustrial average. The 10 most recent years are the warmest on record.

The animation on the right shows the change in global surface temperatures. Dark blue shows areas cooler than average. Dark red shows areas warmer than average. Short-term variations are smoothed out using a 5-year running average to make trends more visible in this map.

The data shown are the latest available, updated annually.

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Global Surface Temperature | NASA Global Climate Change

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A graph and an animated time series showing the change in global surface temperature relative to 1951-1980 average temperatures. The year 2023 is the warmest on record.

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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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Carbon dioxide (CO ₂) is an important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), from wildfires, and natural processes like volcanic eruptions. The first graph shows atmospheric CO ₂ levels measured by NOAA at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, since 1958. The second graph shows CO ₂ levels during Earth's last three glacial cycles, as captured by air bubbles trapped in ice sheets and glaciers.

Since the onset of industrial times in the 18th century, human activities have raised atmospheric CO ₂ by 50% - meaning the amount of CO ₂ is now 150% of its value in 1750. This human-induced rise is greater than the natural increase observed at the end of the last ice age 20,000 years ago.

The animated map shows how the historical changes in global carbon dioxide over time. Note the colors change as the amount of CO ₂ rises from 365 parts per million (ppm) in 2002 to over 420 ppm currently. It's important to understand that "parts per million" refers to the number of carbon dioxide molecules per million molecules of dry air. These measurements are from the mid-troposphere, the layer of Earth's atmosphere that is 8 to 12 kilometers (about 5 to 7 miles) above the ground. This data provides insights into the significant rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, highlighting the impact of human activities on Earth's climate.

CO₂ Through the Seasons

A closer look at the carbon dioxide measurements at Mauna Loa shows a series of wiggles in the data. Although total CO ₂ is increasing each year, there is also a short-term cycle visible within the larger trend.

This annual rise and fall of CO ₂ levels is caused by seasonal cycles in photosynthesis on a massive scale. In Northern Hemisphere spring, plants come to life and draw in CO ₂ to fuel their growth. This begins the process of lowering the amount of CO ₂ in the atmosphere. In northern autumn, plant growth stops or slows down, and the whole process reverses itself. Much of the plant matter decomposes, releasing CO ₂ back to the atmosphere.

A similar but less intense pattern repeats in the Southern Hemisphere in opposite seasons. Spring growth starts in September and winter decomposition begins in March, so CO ₂ records in the Southern Hemisphere show the opposite pattern of that seen in Mauna Loa. However, because there is a lot more land and vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere than the southern, the global seasonal cycle more closely aligns with the northern pattern.

See the cycle in action in the visualization Watching Earth Breathe: The Seasonal Vegetation Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.

This boom-and-bust cycle of plant growth gives the graph of CO ₂ a sawtooth pattern of ups and downs from year to year. At a larger scale, the upward climb of the trend line over the decades is caused by CO ₂ emissions, primarily from burning fossil fuels. Thus, the data illustrate both natural factors and human additions of CO ₂.

Learn more:

NASA's Climate Kids: Why is Carbon Important?

Missions That Observe CO₂
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-3)

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Carbon Dioxide Concentration | NASA Global Climate Change

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Vital Signs of the Planet: Global Climate Change and Global Warming. Current news and data streams about global warming and climate change from NASA.

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There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause.

While Earth's climate has changed throughout its history, the current warming is happening at a rate not seen in the past 10,000 years.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), "Since systematic scientific assessments began in the 1970s, the influence of human activity on the warming of the climate system has evolved from theory to established fact."¹

Scientific information taken from natural sources (such as ice cores, rocks, and tree rings) and from modern equipment (like satellites and instruments) all show the signs of a changing climate.

From global temperature rise to melting ice sheets, the evidence of a warming planet abounds.

The rate of change since the mid-20th century is unprecedented over millennia.

Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era - and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth's orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.

The current warming trend is different because it is clearly the result of human activities since the mid-1800s, and is proceeding at a rate not seen over many recent millennia.1 It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun's energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

Earth-orbiting satellites and new technologies have helped scientists see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate all over the world. These data, collected over many years, reveal the signs and patterns of a changing climate.

Scientists demonstrated the heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases in the mid-19th century.² Many of the science instruments NASA uses to study our climate focus on how these gases affect the movement of infrared radiation through the atmosphere. From the measured impacts of increases in these gases, there is no question that increased greenhouse gas levels warm Earth in response.

Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that Earth's climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that current warming is occurring roughly 10 times faster than the average rate of warming after an ice age. Carbon dioxide from human activities is increasing about 250 times faster than it did from natural sources after the last Ice Age.³

The Evidence for Rapid Climate Change Is Compelling:

Global Temperature Is Rising

The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and other human activities.4 Most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on record.5

Image credit: Ashwin Kumar, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.

Ocean Acidification Is Increasing

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30%.13, 14 This increase is due to humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the ocean. The ocean has absorbed between 20% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in recent decades (7.2 to 10.8 billion metric tons per year). 15, 16

Image credit: NOAA

Header image shows clouds imitating mountains as the sun sets after midnight as seen from Denali's backcountry Unit 13 on June 14, 2019. Credit: NPS/Emily Mesner
Image credit in list of evidence: Ashwin Kumar, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.

Discover More Topics From NASA

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Takeaways The rate of change since the mid-20th century is unprecedented over millennia. Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate [...]

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What do you think is global warming? How did it affect the climate globally?

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How are humans responsible in increasing the levels of carbon dioxide? What actions can we take to reduce this effect?

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How are humans responsible in increasing temperature from 1900s to 2023? What actions can we take to reduce this?

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How are humans responsible in increasing the levels of methane gas? What actions can we take to reduce this effect?

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Scroll down to read the information.

Name some pieces of evidence that show the increase in global temperatures.

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Global warming refers to the increase in the planet’s overall average temperature in recent decades. Natural processes have always affected Earth’s temperature and climate, but more recently, the planet’s temperature and climate have changed at a higher pace than nature alone can explain.

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Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas

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It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid change. Scientists demonstrated the heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases in the mid-19th century.² Many of the science instruments NASA uses to study our climate focus on how these gases affect the movement of infrared radiation through the atmosphere. From the measured impacts of increases in these gases, there is no question that increased greenhouse gas levels warm Earth in response.

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global warming is Earth warming up and it effect the Earth by factories and and car

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global warming is Earth warming up and it effect the Earth by factories and and car

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henry

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I think global warming is when gases or other things heat up the earth more and more over time. It effects the climate globally since climate change can cause droughts, wildfires, more instense storms, and heavyer rainfall. With this, the ocean is also warming as well. glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets are melting. This is causing sea levels to rise, creating flooding problems for many people who live on islands and in coastal communities.

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global warming is caused by something called the greenhouse affect where the suns uv rays go in the greenhouse but the green house doesn't let the suns rays out it just keeps the uv rays in

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its a global that the Earth has and that if we did not have this will not be something and that if we had a lot of global it will be so hot that we will not do nothing

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It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

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Global warming results from the increase in the greenhouse effect, a process in which thermal radiation emitted by the Earth

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The current warming trend is different because it is clearly the result of human activities since the mid-1800s, and is proceeding at a rate not seen over many recent millennia.¹ It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

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Global warming is bad for the planet because if its to hot we can die and animals that live in the cold would lose their homes by global warming and green houses and humans are causing global warming by burning fossil fuels and green houses traps gases but if there is many green houses it can cause global warming.

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I think global warming should be decreased and we should try to reduce our car emmisions

2it effected it globally because we released more greenhouse gases than the ones that can escape

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Global warming is when the Earth's temperature gets hotter because of gases in the air, like carbon dioxide, that trap heat from the sun. These gases come from things like cars and factories. Because of global warming, we can see changes in the weather, like hotter summers, more storms, and melting ice in places like the North Pole. This affects animals, plants, and even how we live and grow food.

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Natural processes have always affected Earth’s temperature and climate, but more recently, the planet’s temperature and climate have changed at a higher pace than nature alone can explain. These rapid changes are due to human activities and the widespread use of fossil fuels for energy. This an affect that affected Climate globally.

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Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization.

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Global warming is the rise in temperatures over the last hundreds or thousands of years. This affects the climate because it melts glaciers and can make people sick.

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Global warming is caused by human activity because people widespread the use of fossil fuels energy.Fossil fuels include coal,oil,and natural gas.The planets temperature and the planets climates has changed rapidly over the years.

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Global warming is when the Earth gets hotter over time because of extra greenhouse gases we put into the air, mainly from burning fuels like coal and oil. These gases act like a warm blanket, keeping heat close to the Earth. This can cause problems like melting ice, rising sea levels, and crazy weather (I don't what to put) Erick

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Global warming increases the average temputure throughout decades.The revalution was in the mid 18 and started Anthropegenic

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is refers to the increase in the planet's overall

average temperature in recent decades

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Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature gases.burning fossil fuels, deforestation The effects of global warming on the climate Temperature Increases,Melting Polar Ice and Glaciers,Sea Level Rise,Extreme Weather Events, Disruption of Ecosystems and Human Health Risks

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This graph shows the change in global surface temperature compared to the long-term average from 1951 to 1980. Earth’s average surface temperature in 2023 was the warmest on record since recordkeeping began in 1880

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Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), from wildfires, and natural processes like volcanic eruptions. The first graph shows atmospheric CO₂ levels measured by NOAA at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, since 1958. The second graph shows CO₂ levels during Earth’s last three glacial cycles, as captured by air bubbles trapped in ice sheets and glaciers.

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Global warming is the rise of temperature which can make the earth hot but also bad for the animals.

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CO2 produced by human activity is the main cause of global warming

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Humans are responsible for increasing carbon dioxide because we are cutting down trees . The trees keep carbon dioxide and it gets stuck in the Earth's atmosphere. Also its a greenhouse gas and you can effect the Earth and cause more global warming.

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humans are responsible for global temperature change because the factory's and they produce atmospheric gases which cause global warming

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El calentamiento global se referral aumento de la temperature media geneal

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El calentamiento global se referral aumento de la temperature media geneal

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Global warming refers to the increase in the planet’s overall average temperature in recent decades

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Global warming is when there's heat trap gas around the earth because of the sun .

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average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, normally at its most superficial level.

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Methane (CH₄) is a powerful greenhouse gas, and is the second-largest contributor to climate warming after carbon dioxide (CO₂). A molecule of methane traps more heat than a molecule of CO₂,

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I think global warming is the increase of temperature on Earth . Global warming can affect climate by causing more droughts,wildfires,more intense storms, and heavyer rainfall. also glaciers are melting this cause the sea level to rise and this can cause city's,States, and country's to be under water.

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It is the main contributor to the formation of ground-level ozone, a dangerous air pollutant, exposure to which causes 1 million premature deaths each year.

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The animation on the right shows the change in global surface temperatures. Dark blue shows areas cooler than average. Dark red shows areas warmer than average. Short-term variations are smoothed out using a 5-year running average to make trends more visible in this map.

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1. the ocean is getting warmer

2. the ice sheets are shrinking

3. Glaciers are retreating

4. Vanessa Cruz

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Fossiels fuels has coal,oil,natural gas.

The greenhouse effect the sun when fossile fuels and burned.

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most of the warming occurred in the past like a 40 years with the seven most recent years being the warmest

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scientific evidence can be taken from natural thing like ice glaciers

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Global warming temperatures change by human activities because human activities uses fossil fuels for a lot of stuff but the effect is that burning fossil fuels can cause air pollution and the green houses traps that air and that can warm up the planet causing global warming.

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las temperatuuras del calentami ento global cambian por las 

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las temperatuuras del calentami ento global cambian por las 

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Methane comes from both natural sources and human activities. An estimated 60% of today’s methane emissions are the result of human doing bad thing. The largest sources of methane are agriculture, fossil fuels, and decomposition of landfill waste.

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Global warming is the tempure the increased

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the Global temperature change because the human activities (co2

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Global warming is Earth's rising average temperature, while climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth.

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Global warming refers to the increase in the planet’s overall average temperature in recent decades. Natural processes have always affected Earth’s temperature and climate, but more recently, the planet’s temperature and climate have changed at a higher pace than nature alone can explain. These rapid changes are due to human activities and the widespread use of fossil fuels for energy.

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I think global warning is something that happens to the earth. I think it affects the earth because humans burn fossil fuels including coal, and use a lot of oil and natural gas.

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what is global warming

how does it affect us

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global warming is the increase of the planets average temperature in decades. It affected the climate globally because there has been droughts, and droughts are bad for the environment because since people would need soil and water for their crops. The temperature also reaches up to 100 degrees in a few countries/states.

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Carbon Dioxide Is produced by human activity which changes the Global warming temperature.

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humans is a responsible thing for global temperature changes

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Global Warming refresh to the increase in the planet average temperature. But only in the recent decades. This affects the climate globally by heating up the planet. Because the Carbon dioxide in the air traps the heat that comes from the sun.

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Global warming is when earth is getting hotter by time because of extra greenhouse effect the sun rays penetrate atmosphere and the earth surface reflect heat

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Global warming is when the temperature of the planet rises a lot produces for humans by warming.

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Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), from wildfires, and natural processes like volcanic eruptions.

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Global warming is the effect of trapped heat that is kept in the earth to keep us warm but because of this it is also affected by human activities like transportation, release of gas emissions, cooking, burning of fossil fuels, green house gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane. these effects can cause less of these gases to be released in space and if we keep using greenhouse gases or anything related to that it can start heating the earth and cause different changes like glaciers melting, rise in sea levels and maybe hotter summers.

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Humans are responsible for increasing the levels of carbon dioxide because humans burn fossil fuel to use cars, busses, trains, and more.

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Global warming is a rise of a temperature which makes the earth really hot but it is also bad for animals because of the heat that comes from the extraction of fossils fuse like coal, oil, and nature gas.

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global warming increases the planet’s overall average temperature

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Global warming has presented humans with another issue: climate change. People often use the terms “global warming” and “climate change” interchangeably, but they are different. Global warming refers to Earth’s rising average temperature, while climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth.

Humans are feeling the impact of global warming around the world as climate change brings intense droughts, wildfires and extreme storms with heavier rainfall. Higher temperatures are altering ecosystems, forcing animals to migrate to cooler places to survive. Scientists predict that, if nothing is done to lower global temperatures, many species will go extinct.

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Global warming is when the temperature of the planet increases because of greenhouse gases. The gases that contribute to the rise of temperature in the earth are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and the burning of fossil fuels. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere by absorbing sunlight. Global warming affects the temperature and it causes sea levels to rise and wildfire.

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Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases many countries around the world use fossil fuels to generate energy for electricity, heat and transportation. Emissions of greenhouse gasses have skyrocketed in the last 100 years.

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The Earth's climate has been changing throughout history. The current warming rate is not happening at a rate not seen in 10,000 years. the influence of human activity on the warming of the climate system

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Global warming refers to the increase in the planet’s overall average temperature in recent decades.

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The burning of fossil fuels, the release of chemicals into the atmosphere, the reduction of forest cover and the rapid expansion of agriculture, development and industrial activities are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and changing the balance of the climate system .

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released in a single atmosphere, but remains in significantly larger quantities compared to the previous year.

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Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS). It provides thermal infrared measurements of Earth’s surface that help answer questions about water stress in plants and how specific regions respond to climate change.

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"This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred."

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Some pieces of evidence are "While Earths climate has changed throughout its history, the current warming is happening at a rate not seen in the past 10,000 years". This means that throughout the whole of Earth's history, the global warming is happening right now at a rate never seen before.

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Methane comes from both natural resources and human activity, but 60% is caused by human activity.

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Corals have been a symbol of the consequences of a warmer ocean. Many coral reefs—home to thousands of species of fish and other organisms—are dying. National Geographic Explorer Shireen Rahimi is an underwater storyteller who focuses her lens on the impact of global warming on tropical coral reefs. Her images capture humans’ relationships to the changing seas in the South Pacific, the Coral Triangle, and the Caribbean. Rahimi is dedicated to telling personal stories that encourage environmental action.

Countries around the world are trying to lower greenhouse gas emissions to slow global warming. In 2015, nearly 200 countries signed the Paris Agreement at a United Nations Climate Change conference. The international treaty tasks each country with lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The goal is to slow the pace of global warming and prevent Earth’s temperature from rising 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial temperatures.

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One of the pieces that show the increase of global warming is that the ice is melting. Because the temperatures increase because of the green house gases the ice melts. And also when the green house gases trap the heat the planet is warm.

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Carbon dioxide is also known as a greenhouse gas, it contributes to global warming. Humans are responsible because they burn fossil fuels and they use cars.

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Global warming is the earth heating up because of the burn of fossil fuels, CO2, and many more, and also the greenhouse gas makes it a hotter too

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global warming is the earths average temperature in the recent years

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the main part because of the temperature change is humans because they make a lot of CO2, smoke, and because of this it gets trapped in the greenhouse gas and makes the earth hotter each year

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Global warming is the temperature being trapped in the atmosphere due to fossil fuels being used by humans to produce energy. This affects the earth by melting glaciers which means destroying the cold habitats and increasing the rise of water which causes affects some communities.

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As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth,they trap heat.This leads to global warming and climate change

people can be affect for global warming because us like humans we can;t support so much hot climate

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How I think global warming is something that increases the planet's overall average temperature in recent decades. It affects the climate globally because recently the planet's temperature has changed, It is caused by the "Greenhouse effect" in the Earth's atmosphere. What's inside the greenhouse is carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapor. :)

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humans are responsible because they are the ones that make the most CO2 and co2 is easy to get in the greenhouse gas and make the earth warmer

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Global warming is the increase in the planet's overall overage temperature.This changes climate by making it hotter.

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global warming is like when gases and things heat up the earth over the years.it affects the climate globally since climate change change can caused intense storms,wildfires,droughts,and other stuff.

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How are humans accountable for increasing the levels of CO2

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global warming is affecting the climate by making the average temperatures increase . making the world even more hotter than the previous times

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for a millennial the carbon dioxide level has never gone above 300 until 1958. And now it's above 440

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How are humans accountable for the growing levels of Carbon Dioxide

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the temperature changes every time, it gets too hot while the earth's climate has changed throughout its history,the current warming is happening at a rate not seen in the past 10,000 years.

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humans are responsible for this because they drive a lot of cars which make more CO2 and which makes it more warm and they burn fossil fuels which make even more CO2 and makes it even hotter