# data[].attributes.body
The ladia revolt led by Pedro Ladia was a Moro Bornean and a self-claimed descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643. At that time, his land was confiscated by the Spanish and he thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising and put himself as King of the Tagalogs. This was despite the fact that a parish priest tried to convince him not to pursue his plans. Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1607, with the coming of the Dominicans into the Cagayan Valley, a priest began proselyting to the Malaueg people of Nalfotan, now Rizal, Cagayan. An animist priestess named Caquenga rebelled against the coming of the Catholic Church. She gathered people from her village and fled to the mountains to unite with another village and prepared for war. A Dominican friar and loyal Malaueg men successfully quelled the forthcoming rebellion, and Caquenga was given over to the other village as a slave. However, many of her followers rebelled, burned down a Catholic Church, and started other rebellions throughout the Cagayan Valley. One rebel, who desecrated an image of the Virgin Mary, was executed for his offense.

Primary Source: Historia de la Provincia del Sancto Rosario de la Orden de Predicadores written by Fray Diego Aduarte.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Emma Helen Blair (d. 1911) James Alexander Robertson (1873–1939)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898: explorations by early
navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their
history and records of the catholic missions, as related in
contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic,
commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their
earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth
century, Volume XXXI, 1640

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Mactan was the first recorded fight of Filipinos against Western invaders. On April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu, Chieftain of Mactan Island, led 1,500 warriors to defeat Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his men. Magellan arrived in the Philippines, allied with Rajah Humabon of Cebu, but Lapu-Lapu resisted, leading to the battle. Outnumbered and outmaneuvered, Magellan was killed.

Primary Source: Antonio Pigafetta's "Magellan's Voyage Around the World".

# data[].attributes.body
The longest rebellion in Philippine History that lasted for 85 years was headed by Francisco Dagohoy or Francisco Sendrijas in the island of Bohol. During 1744, there was an established parallel government led by Dagohoy. They managed to capture the town of Carmen that used to have a stronghold by Spaniards.

Primary Source: "Diario de la Rebelión de Dagohoy" (Diary of the Dagohoy Rebellion) by an unknown Spanish soldier (1744-1746).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Longest Anti-colonial Rebellion in Asia? 🔥 What is the Dagohoy Revolt?

# data[].attributes.body
The Basi Revolt, also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16 to 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo (though some sources refer to a single person named Pedro Ambaristo), with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for basi, or sugarcane wine. In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish-led troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side. A series of 14 paintings on the Basi Revolt by Esteban Pichay Villanueva currently hangs at the Ilocos Sur National Museum in Vigan City. The event is immortalized and commemorated in the Basi Revolt Monument located along the highway of Piddig.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Author/s: Alice G. Guillermo and Santiago A. Pilar

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art | CCP Encylopedia of Philippine Art

# data[].attributes.body
This was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan leaders who resented the Spanish landowners, or encomenderos who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus. The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros, but the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera, and the leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed by Christian Cruz-Herrera.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Kapampangan Revolt (1585): A Detailed Report | Siuálâ Ding Meángûbié

# data[].attributes.body
In 1887, Rizal published Noli Me Tángere, a satirical novel criticizing Spanish colonial rule and Philippine society. The novel exposed the clergy's abuse of power and the backwardness of Filipino culture. Rizal dedicated the book to the Philippines, hoping to awaken his countrymen to the truth.

Following the suppression of Noli Me Tángere, Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo, a more radical sequel. This novel delved deeper into the themes of corruption, injustice, and revolution. Rizal's writings inspired Filipino nationalism and angered the Spanish authorities. Upon his return to the Philippines, Rizal formed La Liga Filipina, a nonviolent organization aimed at reforming the government. However, his writings were seen as a threat, because it became a fuel to the Philippine revolution, leading to his exile to Mindanao. Despite his opposition to violence, Rizal was linked to the Philippine Revolution and was subsequently arrested and executed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation | San Francisco, Ca

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Who is José Rizal? Josè Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda was born in the town of Calamba, Laguna, Philippines on June 19, 1861 and died at age 35 on December 30, 1896 in Manila, Philippines. He was the seventh of eleven children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and

# data[].attributes.headline
The Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (1896-1898)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (1896-1898)

# data[].attributes.body
Upon learning of Rizal's arrest and deportation in July 7, 1892, a group of La Liga Filipina members, including Andres Bonifacio, formed a new revolutionary society: the Katipunan. This secret organization aimed to overthrow Spanish colonial rule through covert activities, including the use of secret codes and rituals.

Initially led by Deodato Arellano, the Katipunan later appointed Bonifacio as its Supremo on January 5, 1894. Despite seeking Rizal's support, the latter declined involvement. In 1896, the Katipunan sent a delegation to Japan to secure funds and weapons. The Spanish authorities eventually discovered the Katipunan through a leak from a member. The discovery led to widespread arrests and the suppression of the printing press used by the organization. On August 23, 1896, the Katipuneros initiated the Philippine Revolution by tearing their cedulas in an event known as the Cry of Balintawak, also called as "Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin" because it happened in Pugadlawin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation | San Francisco, Ca

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Andres Bonifacio Who is Andres Bonifacio? A Filipino revolutionary hero who founded the Katipunan, a secret society which spearheaded the uprising against Spain and laid the groundwork for the first Philippine Republic. Andres Bonifacio, was given the distinct honor of being the architect

# data[].attributes.body
This revolt took place in the town of Oton, Panay, and was named after its main leader, a babaylan (native priest) named Tapar.

After rejecting his Catholic faith, Tapar started a new religion that mixed Christian and paganism (native beliefs). Acting as the head priest, he wore women’s clothing, claimed he could speak to a demon, and created native versions of the Spanish clergy, the Holy Trinity, and even the Virgin Mary.

When Fr. Francisco de Mesa, a local Spanish priest tried to stop him, Tapar had him killed and burned his house. In response, Spanish forces tracked down and killed Tapar and his followers. To scare others from rebelling, they tied the bodies of Tapar and his followers to bamboo poles and fed them to crocodiles in Jauler River, in full view of the town. They also impaled the group’s version of the Virgin Mary, Maria Santisima, and fed it to the crocodiles.

# data[].attributes.body
The Revolt of Tamblot (1621-1622) was one of the earliest resistances against Spanish rule in the Philippines, led by Tamblot, a native priest from Bohol. Tamblot convinced around 2,000 villagers that a demon named diwata would help them and promised prosperity if they rise against the Spaniards and abandon Christianity. This revolt highlighted the deep tension between native spiritual practices and the Spanish-imposed faith, as well as growing resentment against colonial exploitation through taxes and forced labor.

Four Indian villages joined the revolt, though Loboc, the main village, and Baclayon remained loyal to the Spanish crown.

The revolt started on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast of St. Francis Xavier. In response, Don Juan de Alcarazo, the alcalde-mayor of Cebu, sent reinforcements to suppress the rebellion. On New Year's Day in 1622, the Spanish forces engaged the rebels, ultimately capturing Tamblot and executing him. His head was displayed on a pike as a warning to others. (Pedro Murillo Velarde, Historia de la Province de Philipinas de la Compania de Jesus, 1749; and Casimiro Diaz, Conquista de las Islas Filipinas, 1890, as cited in The revolt of Babaylan Tamblot that incited the uprising of Bancao in Leyte, 2013).

Although ultimately unsuccessful, the revolt underscored the Filipino people’s determination to defend their cultural and spiritual heritage.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The revolt of Babaylan Tamblot that incited the uprising of Bancao in Leyte

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
(This account is extracted from Murillo Velarde’s Hist. de Philipinas, and Diaz’s Conquistas, unedited. This is from the view of the Spaniards.)