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Japan is regularly affected by natural disasters . Two out of the five most expensive natural disasters in recent history have occurred in Japan,

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On March 11, 2011, a powerful 9.1 magnitude earthquake occurred 371 kilometers northwest of Tokyo, with a depth of 24 kilometers.

The earthquake caused a tsunami with nine-meter waves that damaged several nuclear reactors in the area.

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nearly 20,000 dead and 2,500 missing-according to Japan's Disaster and Fire Management Agency. The deaths were caused by the initial earthquake and tsunami and by post-disaster health conditions.

At the time of the earthquake, Japan had 54 nuclear reactors, two under construction and 17 power plants, producing approximately 30% of Japan's electricity, according to IAEA information in 2011.

The material damage caused by the earthquake and tsunami is estimated at about 25 trillion yen (about $300 billion).

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On December 16, 1707, Shinzuoka Prefecture, on the island of Honshu, the last major eruption took place, known as the Mount Fuji eruption of the Hōei era, because it occurred precisely in that era of Japanese history. It did not spew lava flows, but it did eject 0.8 cubic kilometers of ash, volcanic bombs and other solid materials that reached Tokyo. The event was preceded by an earthquake that, before the aforementioned one in 2011, was considered the most intense in Japan's history. An eruption from 1708 has yet to be confirmed.

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This eruption was explosive (volcanic explosivity index of 5) and released large amounts of ash and materials such as pumice and scoria. Although it did not produce lava flows, the ash covered extensive areas, reaching Edo (modern-day Tokyo), more than 100 km away.

No immediate deaths were directly associated with the eruption, but its consequences were devastating. The ash destroyed crops, causing a severe food shortage and widespread famine in the following years, during which thousands of people died.