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Ancient Civilization BC-1200 A.D. (Chloe Kim)

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Ancient Civilization BC-1200 A.D. (Chloe Kim)

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1. How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

During this time area, the pre-industrial cities burnt off a lot wood–coming from cities like Rome–and this began the initial concept of air pollution. The Romans were well aware of this current issue.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Water pollution came from the run-off from these pre-industrial cities with garbage, sewage,  and smelting which all sallied the water and air. It all came from human waste.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

They relied on food and water in order to have the energy needed to survive.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

The concept of conservation started as early as 850 BCE, with conservationists protecting the animals and environment. For example, elephant conservationist Jawantha Jayewardene said and I quote, “decreed that no one should kill or harm any living being,”

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

Lead was already recognized as a harmful object if consumed. Taking an example for the Romans, they were full aware of the harmful effects of lead, but they adored its diverse uses and used lead in almost everything and their production. However it was highly speculated that because of this, it plagued them with many diseases and lead to the downfall of the Romans.

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1.  How much water pollution was there?

Water pollution at the time wasn’t currently a huge issue than it would later become. Populations were dispersed, compared to later densely formed cities, water wasn’t as polluted. However people were aware that most still water contained some amounts of animal waste, resulting in the common hygienic practice of boiling water before consumption.

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

Wood was everyone’s main resource for structures, items and fuel and it was harvested severely. By the 1550s, trees were extremely denuded that they had to switch to coal as their main source of fuel.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

Within three years, the bubonic plague killed ⅓ of Europe’s current population and devastated the wellbeing and economy of the country. With the end of black death came the birth of a new public health system and more hygiene awareness.

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1.  What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

Many people around this time took up social reform and began to believe new thoughts during this time. It was a time of new thought while people began to reject previous reasoning toward their way of life and began to look to science and rationalism

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

He predicted that people would be capable of overpopulating the world unless the size of a family was regulated. He also wrote that the main problems that we would be facing are poverty and famine.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

With the new findings of coal, air pollution became more rampant and people began flocking to the more urban areas in order to find new job opportunities. This caused many issues with sewage issues and new problems like the lessening of crops.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important?

Many people were living in tenements with many people in urban areas so diseases were spread easily instead of their previous lives on the farmlands

5. How was the air pollution at this time?

With many people moving into the urban areas and coal being burned air pollution became an issue for one of the first times in history.

6. How was the water pollution at this time?

Many people were experiencing sewage issues living together so they ended up dumping their waste into the rivers and eventually it was in their drinking water.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

After the first time it was cut down people saw it as a great thing and started to believe it was possible for others and it made way for more trees and forest getting chopped down.

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1.  What types of reforms were occurring?

Reforms for working conditions, slum housing, food adulteration, sanitation, drinking water, polluting industries, hunting laws and mining practices.

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

He fought for more protected forest areas

3. What new organizations were formed?

Some of the new organizations included Bureau of Reclamation, the Wildlife refuge system and ST Louis smoke abatement movement.

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19.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?
The purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to stop people dumping oil into any body of water.

20. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?
The first type of gasoline that was used for the first automobiles happened to be leaded gasoline.

21. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?
The chemurgy movement was fighting to put chemistry to work to find nonfood uses for agricultural surpluses.

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22. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

This is due to the amount of exhaust that was being produced with this lack of understanding, many residents in Los Angeles feared the new smog they were experiencing on July of 1943 resulted from a chemical attack.

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23. What was the “burning river?”

The burning river was the Cuyahoga River that erupted into flames on an oil-slicked stretch near Republic Steel on June 22, 1969. After the incident, it had lit a match to Cleveland’s environmental movement which is still going strong as of today.

24. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

The name of Rachel Carson’s book that had started modern environmentalism was Silent Spring’s Noisy Summer. It was a reaction to the incident of Silent Spring, where it opened a larger national dialogue about the relationship between people and nature and merged public health and conservation movements due to the use of pesticides in the US produce and foods.

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25. What government agency is founded?
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was formed on December of 1970 to keep the environment clean and keep everyone healthy, it was proposed by President Richard Nixon.

26. How was air pollution reduced?
The new EPA brought up the Welfare National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA)

27. How was water pollution reduced?
The new EPA brought the Department of Interior’s Water Quality Administration (FWQA)

28. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?
Vehicle emissions and coal fuel powerplants were beginning to cause concern during this time

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29. What major disasters occurred during this time?

Union Carbide Co. (Dow Chemical) fertilizer plant leaks methyl ico-cyanide in Indian town of Bhopal

30. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

Rising CO2 levels and the ozone layer

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31.  How did the Gulf War create pollution?

Millions of gallons oil was set on fire and spilled during the Gulf War.

32. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

Three Gorges Dam was contructed and was the largest hydroelectric dam in the World.

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33. What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

National Energy Policy Act of 2000, which boosted the energy efficiency and renewable resources

34. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

Bush had a no-action policy on global warming and climate change. He blocked almost all acts and laws that would have helped the environment.

35. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

Leaded gasoline has been banned since 2011 due to the large amount of lead poisoning.