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the alveoli resemble a bunch of grapes

-an adult lung contains approximately 500 million alveoli

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the trachea divides into two bronchi near the center of the chest, a right bronchus and a left bronchus.

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in the lungs, the bronchi continue to divide into smaller and smaller bronchi until finally, they divide into the smallest branches, called bronchioles

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when the cells use the oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide

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tiny, hair like structures called cilia, filter inhaled air to trap dust other particles

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the epiglottis, a special leaflike piece of cartilage, closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing

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when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the process of expiration

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external respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream

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inspiration is the process of breathing in air

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internal respiration is the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and bloodstream

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the larynx, or voice box, lies between the pharynx and trachea

-has nine layers of cartilage

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The divisions of the bronchi and the alveoli are found in organs called lungs

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the nasal cavities are lined with a mucous membrane and have rich blood supply

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the nasal septum divides the nose into two hollow spaces

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the nose has two openings, called nostrils or nares, through which air enters

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the pharynx, or throat, lies directly behind the nasal cavities

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each lung is enclosed in a membrane, or sac, called pleura

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the process of inspiration and expiration is known as respiration

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consists of the lungs and air passages

-responsible for taking in oxygen, and gas needed by all body systems

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sinuses are cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area

-connect to the naval cavity through short ducts

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the trachea (windpipe) is a tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest

-carries air between the pharynx and bronchi

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ventilation is the process of breathing, involves two phases, inspiration and expiration