# data[].attributes.headline
476 AD: Fall of the Western Roman Empire

# data[].attributes.subject
476 AD: Fall of the Western Roman Empire

# data[].attributes.body
The decline of the Western Roman Empire refers to the official end of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, after the city of Rome was captured by the Germanic peoples. This event marked the end of the ancient Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.

# data[].attributes.headline
732 AD: Battle of Tours (Charles Martel defeats the Moors)

# data[].attributes.subject
732 AD: Battle of Tours (Charles Martel defeats the Moors)

# data[].attributes.body
In 732, the Moors attacked the Frankish Kingdom. Charles Martel led the army to fight on the plateau near the city of Tours, successfully preventing the Moors from penetrating further north and protecting Christian civilization from Islamic aggression. This became a turning point in European medieval history, marking the gradual emergence of Europe from the Dark Ages and its move towards the Renaissance and modernization.

# data[].attributes.headline
800 AD: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor

# data[].attributes.subject
800 AD: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor

# data[].attributes.body
Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800. He was king of Carolingian dynasty and founder of Charlemagne Empire. Holy Roman Empire, also known as Germanic Holy Roman Empire or Germanic Holy Roman Empire, was a feudal empire in Europe. In 1066, William of Normandy conquered England, defeating King Harold's army at Hastings, laying foundation for Norman dynasty.

# data[].attributes.body
First Crusade 1096-1099 AD, Christian Europe to recapture Holy Land from Muslims, aim to reconquer Jerusalem, restore Christianity's East dominance, failed but left deep impact on history & culture of Europe & Middle East.

# data[].attributes.body
On June 19, 1215, King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta under strong pressure from the nobles, priests, knights and citizens of the city. This document limited the power of the king, established the supremacy of law, rights protection and other principles, and had a profound impact on the political and cultural development of Britain.

# data[].attributes.headline
1347-1351 AD: The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

# data[].attributes.subject
1347-1351 AD: The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

# data[].attributes.body
Black Death (Bubonic Plague) was a 14th century pandemic that killed up to 20 million in a few years, including 100,000 in London. Originated in China, spread via trade routes to Mediterranean ports. Caused by Yersinia pestis, characterized by high fever, blackened buboes, internal hemorrhaging.

# data[].attributes.headline
1337-1453 AD: Hundred Years' War (between England and France)

# data[].attributes.subject
1337-1453 AD: Hundred Years' War (between England and France)

# data[].attributes.body
The Hundred Years' War began when Edward III claimed the French throne and lasted for a hundred years, with the two countries at war many times. The war involved several areas, including the English Channel, Northern France, and Gascony, with many sieges and battles. The war ended with the English defeat at the Battle of Castilon in 1453 and the eventual French conquest of Gascony.

# data[].attributes.headline
1337-1453 AD: Hundred Years' War (between England and France) continues

# data[].attributes.subject
1337-1453 AD: Hundred Years' War (between England and France) continues

# data[].attributes.body
The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453, divided into two phases: the first phase was an English attempt to regain lost French lands, and the second phase was an English invasion of France and a French counterattack. The conflict, fought mainly in France, was between the House of Valois and the Plantagenet.

# data[].attributes.headline
1377-1399 AD: Reign of Richard II of England

# data[].attributes.subject
1377-1399 AD: Reign of Richard II of England

# data[].attributes.body
Richard II ruled England from 1377 to 1399, during which time he faced several challenges, such as aristocratic rebellions and French invasions. Initially, the reform of parliament and the strengthening of the judiciary demonstrated the ability to rule, but later, the actions and policies of individuals caused controversy and discontent.

# data[].attributes.headline
453 AD: Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire

# data[].attributes.subject
453 AD: Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire

# data[].attributes.body
In 1453, Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Empire, marking the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This event marked the end of the Middle Ages in Europe and the beginning of a new era, which had a profound impact on European culture and politics.

# data[].attributes.headline
1492 AD: Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas

# data[].attributes.subject
1492 AD: Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas

# data[].attributes.body
Columbus' arrival in 1492 began the Age of Discovery, a period that advanced world history and opened up new opportunities for Europe but had negative impacts on indigenous populations. This achievement is considered a significant event in history.