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Write 100 words on how your research has helped you with ideas, skills and techniques that you will take forward into creating your own title sequence.

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Find 3 sources of research that help you with Key Frames (e.g. tutorial Videos or articles)

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Find 3 sources of research that help you with Colour Correction (e.g. tutorial Videos or articles)

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Find 3 sources of research that help you with Compositing (e.g. tutorial Videos or articles)

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Using You Tube, B.O.B or another source - research a minimum of 3 Documentary OR News opening titles and write what you like about them and why.

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Our academically-focused system allows staff and students, at subscribing institutions, to record programmes from over 75 free-to-air channels; and search our archive of over 3 million broadcasts.

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BoB, Box of Broadcasts is Learning on Screen On Demand TV and Radio for Education

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These videos helped me have a better understanding of both how to use the different editing techniques and the purpose they serve in a production. It has also given me ideas on how to use these in my Documentary, mainly the kind of colour grading I want to use. However the title sequence I am still unsure about the way I will construct my title sequence, thought I have a better understanding of how i will do it within the software I still haven't got a definite idea as to the style I'm going for.

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Very Interesting video talking about some of the history of colour correction/colour grading, also some information about new technological developments such as new recording formats and how that affects the colour correcting process, it gave me a better understanding of colour correction as a concept.

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Color Grading 101 - Everything You Need to Know

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This video was very informative about the artistic impact of colour correction and how it can be used to enhance the look of a project.

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This video gave a good tutorial on how to colour correct on premiere pro.

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How to color correct like a PRO! | Adobe Premiere Pro 2022

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This article gives a good definition of what key frames are and what they are used for.

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In a nutshell

Keyframes are anchor points that let your editing software know when an animation or function begins or ends

They are used to do animations like rotating, scaling and fading objects

Keyframes are used in professional projects and are an industry-standard tool

Keyframes are an essential function in video editing software that a filmmaker should be aware of when editing their project. In this article, we will discuss what keyframes are, what they do and how they're used in various scenarios. Let's dive in.

Keyframes defined

Keyframes are anchor points that let your video editing software know when to begin and end an animation or function. They are locations on a timeline that marks the beginning or end of an object's transition. Each keyframe point holds coordinates that define where a transition should begin or end. The frames between the start and stop points are interpolated over time between those points to create motion.

How do you use them?

In filmmaking, keyframes can be used in a number of ways. However, to make an animation with keyframes, all you need to start are a beginning point and an ending point. This indicates a starting position - what your subject looks like and where it is in the frame at the start of the animation - and an ending position, or what your subject looks like at the and where it's at the end of the animation.

Keyframes have many uses; however, there are four major animations filmmakers use them for. Those animations are for adjusting an object's position, rotation, scale or opacity.

Rotating objects

Say you're making a lyric video for YouTube, and you want to have a constantly spinning CD in the background. You would use rotation keyframes to achieve this effect.

Scaling objects

Similar to how zooming works on your camera, you can scale objects using keyframes to make it look like the frame is zooming in closer to the object. Or, you can make it look like the object is growing in size.

Changing an object's position

Keyframes can move an object's position on the x or y-axis. It can be quite simple or more complex. However, all you need to move an object's position are the start and endpoints. An example of this would be moving a circle from the left side of the screen to the right side.

Adjusting the object's opacity

Opacity is the amount of transparency an object has. So, if an object is at 100 percent opacity, it has zero transparency, meaning anything below it in the layers panel won't show through it. Now, if the object has 50 percent transparency, 50 percent of the detail of the object below it will show through. Think of it like you're looking through a ghost. You can see some of the details through the ghost, but it's not a full clear image.

Keyframes can be used to adjust an object's opacity. So, over time, you can either fade in or fade out an object. This works great for graphics, movie title text or even scene transitions.

Types of keyframes

Regardless of what transformation you want to achieve, there are three main types of keyframes that you can use when assigning anchor points to a curve. This includes a linear, a Bezier and a hold keyframe.

Linear

A linear keyframe is a very robotic and uniform movement that interpolates at a constant pace between the anchor points. For example, you can use a linear keyframe to move a car illustration from the left side of your frame to the right side of the frame. Ultimately, these are the most basic animations you can learn, but they are fundamental. Though, due to their clunky nature, many professions avoid using them.

Bezier

A Bezier keyframe offers a smoother and more organic motion. These keyframes allow you to adjust your curve's shape and the speed at which your animation travels. You can adjust the rate on both sides of the keyframe.

Auto-Bezier

The Auto-Bezier automatically smooths out the rate without needing you to step in and smooth out the rate for each keyframe. It's a huge timesaver.

Continuous Bezier

The Continuous Bezier operates like the Bezier keyframe; however, it only allows you to adjust one keyframe's curve shape, while with the Bezier keyframe, you adjust both.

Hold

A hold keyframe is the equivalent of a freeze frame, or what's also known as a stop motion keyframe. This is where the frame pauses like a still image in one position and then returns to its normal playback. Naturally, this keyframe is used for freeze frames.

S-curve

The S-curve animate starts by easing out, then ramping up the speed to then easing into the final anchor point.

Ease-in and ease-out curves

Ease-in and ease-out curves start the animation at a slow pace, then later pick up the speed, maxing out at a constant pace. Once it nears the final anchor, the animation slowly returns back to its slower pace before finishing.

How to use keyframes

If you have never worked with keyframes before, a general rule of thumb is to set your endpoint keyframe first, so you know where your animation will end. Then, once your end point's set, you would place your starting keyframe.

Adjusting clip speed

Another way to use keyframes in video editing programs is to adjust a clip's playback speed in the timeline, known as slow motion. This is called speed ramping. It's often used to create unique montages and cinematic style edits that can emphasize an action on screen.

For example, if you're working on a workout montage, you can take different parts of a grueling workout clip and set the keyframe point where the subject is doing an intense workout. At this point, you can have it playing at 100 percent normal speed. However, when they get to the toughest part of the workout, you can place another keyframe where it slows down the clip. You could set the playback to 50 percent of the normal speed, allowing the scene to really demonstrate the intensity and sacrifice the subject endures to achieve their fitness goal.

Video filters

You can also apply keyframe animation to video filters. This allows you to animate the intensity of a filter or an effect.

For example, if you have a colored clip you want to gradually desaturate during your video, you can apply keyframe points to make that happen. You would start with a start point where the clip is fully saturated with color. Next, you would add another keyframe at the endpoint. This point would be where it would be at its most desaturated. This will create the effect you're looking for. This type of effect was used masterfully in the award-winning show "Better Call Saul."

Adding spice to your videos

Keyframes are a great tool that can help bring an edit to life. They offer a way to animate and change your video over time using tools like speed ramping, animating objects and applying filters. Ultimately, they give video editors the freedom to flex their creative muscles. So, the next time you have the chance, play around with keyframes and see what kinds of effects you can get with them. While they might not all be useful for your types of projects, it's still great to have them in your back pocket if you end up needing them in the future.

Landon Dyksterhouse is an award-winning documentary filmmaker and is the founder of D-House Entertainment.

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Keyframes are one of the fundamental tools video editors use. Every editor should be aware of what they are and their uses.

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What are keyframes & how to use them: Video Editing Tutorial

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I like how the intro sets the tone of the documentary and shows clips relating to the information that it shared throughout the film.

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BAFTA winning titles for the American true crime documentary about New York vs The Mafia - on Netflix now!
Sound waves and words taken from real transcripts of conversations between
mobsters recorded by the FBI are threaded through archive footage and
reel-to-reel. 
Baby Huey's "Hard Times" is the title music.

Director/Editor: Nic Benns
Client: Netflix & Raw Television

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What are Keyframes in Animation

First, let's define keyframe

If you encounter any other unfamiliar terms in the wild, our ultimate guide to filmmaking terminology is a great resource for looking up definitions.

KEYFRAME DEFINITION

What is a keyframe?

A keyframe, also written as "key frame," is something that defines the starting and/or ending point of any smooth transition. That something can be a drawing in animation or a particular frame of a shot when dealing with film or video. Any shot, animated or live-action, is broken down into individual frames. You can think of keyframes as the most important frames of a shot that set the parameters for the other frames and indicate the changes that will occur throughout as transitions. For more information, refer to our filmmaker's guide to frame rates.

Keyframe Characteristics:

Important individual frames from within a shot

Keyframes exist in animation and live-action

Sets a start/stop point for a transition

What is a Key Frame in Animation

The origin of keyframes

These days, the word keyframes is often associated with video editing, but they originated in animation long before digital video editing. However, if you are familiar with keyframes in the context of editing, then you might already have a pretty good idea as to what is a keyframe in animation.

How to layout and keyframe in animation * Keyframes definition

In traditional animation, each frame is drawn by hand. To learn more about different animation techniques, check out our articles about cel animation, rotoscope animation, and stop-motion animation.

Because of the heavy demands and time-consuming nature of animation, those films are typically made by a number of artists working together. One efficient way to both save time and ensure quality is to have the lead animators draw the most important frames and leave the transitional frames between them to the junior animators.

Animators react and discuss keyframes * Keyframes example

These important frames drawn by the lead animators became known as keyframes. The transitional frames that connected the various keyframes together become known as in-betweens.

Even if a single artist is drawing an entire scene, it is still common practice to begin by drawing the keyframes, then going back and adding the in-betweens.

What is the Difference Between Frame and Keyframe

Keyframes in the modern age

Even though animated films are rarely drawn entirely by hand these days, keyframes are still used in computer animation. Keyframes remain just as important today as ever, it is only the method of creation that has changed.

Keyframing with modern technology * Keyframing animation

Keyframes no longer apply to just animation, however. Since the advent of non-linear editing software and video editing apps, keyframes have become an integral element of standard video editing. The literal definition is still the same - a frame that designates the start/end of a transition - but it now manifests differently and can apply to new contexts.

What are keyframes in editing? * Keyframes example

As used in the context of video editing, keyframes might set the parameters for motion, they might be used to fine-tune a video transition. Or they might control timed adjustments made to effects applied to a video.

The good thing about using modern technology when working with keyframes is that the editing software can fill in all of those pesky in-betweens automatically, saving you a great deal of time and effort.

Up Next

What is Cel Animation?

So, those are the basics of keyframes in both animation and video editing. But, there is a lot more to learn about the world of animation. One of the most tried and true methods of traditional animation was known as cel animation, but what does that mean? Learn everything you need to know about cel animation.

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Keyframes in Animation - Origins and Modern Uses

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A keyframe, also written as "key frame", is something that defines the starting and/or ending point of any smooth transition.

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A good introduction to compositing.

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Good tutorial on how to composite in premiere pro.

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A good overview of the history of compositing in editing.

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History of Video Editing As Fast As Possible

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A very simplistic intro that establishes the premise of the documentary while showing very nice imagery.

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The intro is a great subversion of expectations as the footage shown combines with the audio and slow dark titles which draws on people memories of films like Jaws, only to contrast it with the reveal that it was part of a performance.