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He was born in 1926 in Jhang, a small town in what is today Pakistan. He died on 21 November 1996 at the age of 70 in Oxford, England, from progressive supranuclear palsy.

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He was born in 1926 in Jhang, a small town in what is today Pakistan. He died on 21 November 1996 at the age of 70 in Oxford, England, from progressive supranuclear palsy.

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The electroweak theory

The Pati–Salam model

Grand Unified Theory

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Abdus Salam shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow.

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Abdus Salam shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow.

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Particle physics

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1.  His father was an official in the Department of Education in a poor farming district.

2. His family has a long tradition of piety and learning.

3. His grandfather was a physician and a religious scholar.

4. His father recognized Abdus Salam’s academic potential and made sure he had every educational opportunity possible.

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He attended the Government College at Lahore in 1943. And focused on mathematics and physics. He graduated with a Master’s degree in Mathematics in 1946.

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He took a BA (honors) with a double First in mathematics and physics in 1949 in St. John’s College, Cambridge.

He received his Ph. D. in theoretical physics in 1952.

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He married twice.

He first married Hafiza and gave birth to their daughters Aziza, Asifa, Bushra, and their son Ahmad.

Later, he married Louise Johnson in 1968, which is a concurrent second marriage allowed by Islam. They gave birth to their son Umar and their daughter Sayyeda

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He loved Pakistan and was frustrated about not being able to do much for his motherland.

He was charismatic and had the personality to attract people.

“He had enormous charisma; he had a magnetic personality because of which these people are still there at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics [ICTP],” states Vandal.

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1.  A field of physics that uses mathematics, calculations, chemistry, biology, and a series of theories to understand the complex workings of the universe and the interactions between matter and energy.

2. Unlike the other scientific fields, the formula or explanation of theoretical physics is hard to prove through physical experiments.

3. Theoretical physics began at least 2,300 years ago, under the Pre-socratic philosophy, and continued by Plato and Aristotle.

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1. a field of physics that studies particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.
2. The idea that all matter is made of particles can date back in 6th century BC.

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Other scientists who have worked in this field

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Other scientists who have worked in this field

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1. Hendrik Lorentz - electron theory
2. Hans Bethe - theories of electrons in crystals

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Example of Theoretical Physics: Quantum Mechanics

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Example of Theoretical Physics: Quantum Mechanics

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It is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.

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Albert Einstein

John Clauser

Alain Aspect

Anton Zeilinger

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Abdus Salam's most famous work

He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow.

In the electroweak theory, he unified two forces (the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism) which he believed are essential two forms of the same force, and proved that they have the same structure from a mathematical point of view, which is a big and difficult task at that time.

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His discovery provided the first reliable estimate of the masses of the W and Z particles. His discoveries led to many results and scientific predictions.

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The Pati–Salam model is a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed in 1974 by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati

It is a grand unified theory that unifies the strong and electroweak forces in a single framework.

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Supersymmetry theory, in the particular formulation of Superspace and formalism of superfields in 1974.

The idea of supermanifolds, as a geometrical framework for understanding supersymmetry, in 1974.

Supergeometry, the geometric basis for supersymmetry, in 1974.

Application of the Higgs mechanism to 'electroweak symmetry breaking.

Prediction of the magnetic photon in 1966.

With his student, Riazuddin, Salam made essential contributions to the modern theory of neutrinos, neutron stars, and black holes and modernized quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.

And more...

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- Salam's achievement was not honored in Pakistan until 2016 due to religious factors(belonging to a minority religion).
- He left Pakistan in 1974 when the Pakistani legislature enacted a constitutional amendment declaring the Ahmadis to be non-Muslims.

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Abdus Salam also made a lot of contributions to education and the development of Science

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Abdus Salam also made a lot of contributions to education and the development of Science

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1. He teached Mathematics at the Government College University (1951-1954)

2. He went to St. John’s College Lahore in 1954, where he served as a professor for the next three years.

3. He served as a scientific advisor of the Pakistan government to help Pakistan develop its nuclear capacity for peaceful purposes.

4. He founded the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in 1964, at Trieste, Italy.

5. He established the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Research and Technology in 1965.

6. Salam founded the International Nathiagali Science College (INSC), in 1975, Pakistan.

7. Since 1957 he has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College, London.