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Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease

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Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease

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The gold standard pathology textbook with comprehensive coverage of granulomatous inflammation mechanisms, cellular responses, and clinical correlations.

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Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine

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Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine

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Excellent clinical correlation of granulomatous inflammation with detailed molecular mechanisms and disease pathways.

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Comprehensive reference covering chronic inflammatory responses including detailed morphological descriptions of granulomatous lesions.

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Comprehensive medical reference covering pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical manifestations of chronic granulomatous inflammation.

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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Knowledge @ AMBOSS

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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; previously referred to as Wegener granulomatosis) is a systemic vasculitis that affects both small and medium-sized vessels. Patients typically initially pres…

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YouTube Educational Video on Granulomatous Inflammation

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YouTube Educational Video on Granulomatous Inflammation

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Visual learning resource explaining the cellular mechanisms and morphological features of chronic granulomatous inflammation.

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Granulomatous inflammation | What causes granulomatous inflammation ? Pathology for USMLE step 1

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Evidence-based clinical resource with current understanding of granulomatous inflammation pathogenesis and differential diagnosis.

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A granuloma is an organized aggregation of combined histiocytic, lymphocytic, and plasmacytic infiltrates (granulomatous inflammation). When this organized collection of cells is identified in the stomach, it is referred to as granulomatous gastritis.

This topic review will discuss the epidemiology, etiology, histopathology, and diagnosis of granulomatous gastritis. The classification of gastritis and causes of acute and chronic gastritis are presented separately. (See "Gastritis: Etiology and diagnosis" and "Acute and chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori".)

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Granulomatous gastritis is rare, with an incidence in gastric biopsies of approximately 0.35 percent [ 1-5]. In one large series, only 56 cases were diagnosed after review of 15,947 biopsies/resections [ 5].

Granulomatous gastritis is a type of chronic gastritis and can be subclassified based on the etiology into infectious, noninfectious, and idiopathic granulomatous gastritis [ 5].

A specific cause can be identified in most patients found to have granulomatous gastritis [ 2,6]. The most likely causes vary by geography and ethnicity. Most cases of granulomatous gastritis in resource-abundant countries are noninfectious with the most common causes being Crohn disease and sarcoidosis [ 2,3,7]. In contrast, in resource-limited countries, infections, particularly tuberculosis,are the most common cause of granulomatous gastritis [ 8].

Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms. 2025© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.

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Comprehensive review article discussing the molecular basis, cellular interactions, and therapeutic implications of chronic granulomatous inflammation.

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The granulomatous inflammatory response is a special type of chronic inflammation characterised by often focal collections of macrophages, epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. In this review the characteristics of these cells of the…

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Research article exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying granuloma formation and maintenance in chronic inflammation.

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The Formation and Function of Granulomas - PubMed

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Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures form in response to persistent particulate stimuli-infectious or noninfectious-that individual macrophages cannot eradicate. Granulomas …

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Detailed analysis of immune system dysfunction in various granulomatous diseases including sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease.

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✉*Paul S. Thomas: paul.thomasunsw.edu.au Academic Editor: Maria Gazouli

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an “immune paradox” with peripheral anergy despite…

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Visual atlas featuring histopathological images and clinical presentations of various chronic granulomatous inflammatory conditions.

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Specialized text focusing on the progression from chronic inflammation to fibrosis, including granulomatous pathways.

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national center for biotechnology information

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Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease - PubMed

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Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis, or scarring, is defined by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix components. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ malfunction and death. Fibrosis affects nearly every tissue ...