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Redness and flushing: Persistent redness on the central part of the face, especially the cheeks, nose, and forehead.

Visible blood vessels: Small blood vessels (telangiectasia) may become visible under the skin.

Acne-like breakouts: Pimples and pustules that resemble acne may appear, often without blackheads.

Eye irritation: Rosacea can affect the eyes, leading to dryness, irritation, and redness (ocular rosacea).

Thickening of the skin: In severe cases, the skin may become thicker, especially around the nose, leading to rhinophyma (enlargement of the nose).

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Genetics: A family history of rosacea increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

Environmental triggers: Sun exposure, stress, hot or cold weather, spicy foods, alcohol, and hot beverages can all trigger or worsen rosacea.

Immune system dysfunction: An overactive immune response can contribute to the development of rosacea.

Microorganisms: The presence of Demodex mites (tiny skin organisms) may play a role in triggering rosacea flare-ups in some individuals.

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Physical exam: A doctor diagnoses rosacea based on its characteristic symptoms (persistent redness, acne-like breakouts, and visible blood vessels).

Medical history: The doctor will ask about personal and family medical history, including any known triggers for the condition.

Ocular examination: If eye symptoms are present, a specialist may examine the eyes to confirm ocular rosacea.

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Topical medications: Prescription creams and gels (such as metronidazole or azelaic acid) can reduce redness and pimples.

Oral medications: Antibiotics like doxycycline or tetracycline may be prescribed for severe cases to reduce inflammation.

Laser therapy: Lasers can target and reduce visible blood vessels.

Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding triggers, such as sun exposure, extreme temperatures, and spicy foods, can help prevent flare-ups.

Eye care: For ocular rosacea, lubricating eye drops and proper eyelid hygiene may be recommended.

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Rosacea is a condition that dermatologists frequently treat. Here, you’ll find dermatologists’ insight that can help you with the redness, acne-like breakouts, sensitive skin, along with other signs and symptoms.

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Overview

Rosacea (roe-ZAY-she-uh) is a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for a period of weeks to months and then diminish for a while. Rosacea can be mistaken for acne, an allergic reaction or other skin problems.

Rosacea can occur in anyone. But it most commonly affects middle-aged women who have fair skin. While there's no cure for rosacea, treatments can control and reduce the signs and symptoms. If you experience persistent redness of your face, see your doctor for a diagnosis and proper treatment.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of rosacea may include:

Facial redness. Rosacea usually causes a persistent redness in the central part of your face. Small blood vessels on your nose and cheeks often swell and become visible.

Swollen red bumps. Many people who have rosacea also develop pimples on their face that resemble acne. These bumps sometimes contain pus. Your skin may feel hot and tender.

Eye problems. About half of the people who have rosacea also experience eye dryness, irritation and swollen, reddened eyelids. In some people, rosacea's eye symptoms precede the skin symptoms.

Enlarged nose. Rarely, rosacea can thicken the skin on the nose, causing the nose to appear bulbous (rhinophyma). This occurs more often in men than in women.

When to see a doctor

If you experience persistent redness of your face, see your doctor or a skin specialist (dermatologist) for a diagnosis and proper treatment.

Causes

The cause of rosacea is unknown, but it could be due to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene.

A number of factors can trigger or aggravate rosacea by increasing blood flow to the surface of your skin. Some of these factors include:

Hot drinks and spicy foods

Alcohol

Temperature extremes

Sunlight or wind

Emotions

Exercise

Cosmetics

Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medications

Risk factors

Anyone can develop rosacea. But you may be more likely to develop it if you:

Are a woman

Have fair skin, particularly if it has been damaged by the sun

Are over age 30

Smoke

Have a family history of rosacea

Complications

In severe and rare cases, the oil glands (sebaceous glands) in your nose and sometimes your cheeks become enlarged, resulting in a buildup of tissue on and around your nose - a condition called rhinophyma (rie-no-FIE-muh). This complication is much more common in men and develops slowly over a period of years.
References

1. Goldsmith LA, et al., eds. Rosacea. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://accessmedicine.com. Accessed June 20, 2016.

2. Habif TP. Acne, rosacea, and related disorders. In: Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 6th ed. Edinburgh, U.K.; New York, N.Y.: Mosby Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 20, 2016.

3. Dahl MV. Rosacea: Pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed June 20, 2016.

4. Ferri FF. Rosacea. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 20, 2016.

5. Maier LE. Management of rosacea. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed June 5, 2013.

6. AskMayoExpert. Rosacea. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2015.

7. van Zuuren EJ, et al. Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.20.0b/ovidweb.cgi. Accessed June 23, 2016.

8. Fowler J, et al. Once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0·5% is a novel treatment for moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: Results of two multicentre, randomized and vehicle-controlled studies. British Journal of Dermatology. 2012;1663:633.

9. Aldrich N, et al. Genetic vs environmental factors that correlate with rosacea: A cohort-based survey of twins. JAMA Dermatology. 2015;151:1213.

10. Questions and answers about rosacea. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Rosacea/default.asp. Accessed March 31, 2015.

11. Isotretinoin: Drug information. www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed June 20, 2016.

12. Colloidal silver. www.naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed June 24, 2016.

13. Emu oil. www.naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed June 24, 2016.

14. Laurelwood. www.naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed June 24, 2016.

15. Oregano oil. www.naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed June 24, 2016.

16. Gibson LG (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 12, 2016.

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Rosacea (roe-ZAY-she-uh) is a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for a period of weeks to months and then diminish for a while.